Manejo del Síndrome de Susac

Abstract

Introduction: Susac syndrome is a disease with autoimmune microangiopathic etiology of vascular endothelia that causes occlusion of arterial branches. Due to its high diagnostic complexity, it cannot be detected at the beginning because most patients do not present the characteristic triad at a certain time, they start their picture with neurological manifestations which implies several differential diagnoses. Objective: To describe the correct management of Susac Syndrome based on the main diagnostic criteria and the efficacy of pharmacological treatment. Methodology: A literature review study was carried out. For data collection, scientific databases obtained through the web/internet from different search engines will be used, inclusion and exclusion criteria will be established in order to facilitate the search for documents, the selection of studies will be carried out using PICO strategies to answer the research question and the methods used to evaluate the studies will be described. Results: This disease is characterized by the presence of a pathognomonic triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and retinal arterial occlusion, it is necessary to use different diagnostic methods: laboratory data, imaging studies and audiometry. Treatment regimens have been proposed, establishing corticosteroids and immunomodulators as the first line of treatment. Conclusions: Audiometric examinations are considered fundamental for the diagnosis since sensorineural hearing loss can be evidenced in low and medium frequencies, it is important to perform surgical interventions with the purpose of avoiding the progression of the syndrome.