Hipertensión arterial en el tercer trimestre de embarazo en América Latina

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension in Latin America is a complication of pregnancy causing a quarter of maternal and perinatal deaths. Objective: To describe the scientific evidence on arterial hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy through a literature review. Methodology: A bibliographic search of original articles, book chapters, and documentation from official pages was carried out. Results: The country with the highest prevalence of arterial hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy in Latin America is Argentina with 84.37%, the most frequent hypertensive disorder being preeclampsia with 62.5%; an important risk factor for hypertensive disorders occurs in primigravid women with 98%. The most prevalent complication in pregnant women with hypertension is cesarean delivery (61%) and newborns' prematurity (81.5%). The most commonly used drugs are labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine, and hydralazine. Professional nurses are essential for the timely detection and adequate management of arterial hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy is a serious problem that produces high morbidity and mortality rates for the mother, fetus, and newborn, so health personnel should work as a team to provide timely, safe, and humane care.