Efectividad de la nutrición enteral temprana versus la nutrición tardía en pacientes adultos sometidos a resección intestinal: revisión sistemática

Abstract

The early initiation of enteral nutrition has been proposed as a strategy to improve postoperative recovery in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. However, there is variability in the evidence regarding its benefits compared to delayed initiation of enteral feeding. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition versus delayed enteral nutrition in adult patients undergoing intestinal resection through a systematic review of the scientific literature. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was performed in scientific databases. Cohort studies comparing early versus late enteral nutrition were included. Studies were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and organized into a matrix created in Microsoft Excel. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the ROB-1 tool, and study quality was assessed using the NHLBI criteria. Results were synthesized through qualitative narrative analysis. Results: Thirteen studies were included; most reported that early initiation of enteral nutrition is associated with a shorter hospital stay and improved functional bowel recovery, as evidenced by a lower incidence of postoperative ileus. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that early enteral nutrition is an effective, safe, and potentially beneficial strategy in adult patients undergoing bowel resection, as it promotes gastrointestinal recovery, is well tolerated, and reduces length of hospital stay. Keywords: enteral nutrition, early nutrition, late nutrition, adult patients, bowel resection