Ictericia Neonatal a Nivel de América Latina

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a frequent pathology that is characterized by the impregnation of bilirubin in the skin since owing to an imbalance in the liver, the metabolism is altered and it is not adequately coordinated for its subsequent elimination, leading to an elevation of levels above 5mg/dl. Objective: To present the scientific evidence with the greatest impact on Neonatal Jaundice in Latin America. Methodology: Literature review study, the search was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, Taylor of Francis, ProQuest, PudMed Science Direct, Springer, Medigraphic, Scielo. The "Descriptors in Health Sciences" (DCS) were used: "Neonatal Jaundice", "Complications", "risk factors", "Phototherapy", "Prevalence", "Kernicterus", "Nursing care", and the combination of Boolean operators: "AND", "OR" and "NOT". The search was expanded utilizing English terms, such as "Neonatal Jaundice", "Diagnosis", "Complications", "Prevalence", "Hyperbilirubinemia", "Risk factors", "Nursing care"; also, inclusion criteria: articles from scientific bases in full text with temporary cutbacks from 2016-2021. Results: Neonatal jaundice in Latin America has a predominance between 60% and 80% in both term and preterm neonates, having as risk factors blood incompatibility, prematurity, breastfeeding, involving serious complications such as encephalopathies, Kernicterus, deafness. Nonetheless, the nurse has autonomy applying effective phototherapy for the neonate. Conclusions: Phototherapy is an effective process in the jaundiced neonate, decreasing bilirubin levels, containing and eliminating it, thus a timely diagnosis is paramount to avoid complications.

Keywords: (DCS) Neonatal jaundice, complications, risk factors, phototherapy, hyperbilirubinemia.