Factores de riesgo asociados a preeclampsia en gestantes adolescentes. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE), classified as a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, occurs after the 20th week of gestation and is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, most frequently affecting the adolescent population. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with preeclampsia in pregnant adolescents. Method: This systematic review was conducted by analyzing case-control studies, cohort studies, and universal literature reviews addressing this issue. The studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, limited to publications from the last five years, and sourced from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the digital repository of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: The literature reviewed revealed consistent findings. The studies included in this review showed excellent evidence quality and a low risk of bias. The risk factors associated with preeclampsia in pregnant adolescents were identified as age, nulliparity, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, a family history of preeclampsia, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Keywords: preeclampsia, risk factors, preeclampsia in adolescents