Importancia de la regulación emocional en la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores.

Abstract

Recent studies have identified that quality of life (QoL) in older adults (OAs) is closely related to their ability to regulate emotions. This ability allows OAs to better adapt to stress and loss, contributing to higher QoL. The reviewed research highlights that this skill is essential for healthy adaptation and a better life experience during this stage. This study aimed to analyze the influence of emotional regulation (ER) on the well-being of older adults and identify specific strategies that promote their health. A narrative literature review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, and SciELO information. A total of 32 articles published between 2014 and 2024, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, were selected. These studies addressed the variables of ER, psychological well-being, and QoL in older adults. The results showed that adaptive strategies such as self-compassion and acceptance promote psychological well-being, while maladaptive strategies such as self-criticism and catastrophizing reduce it. Institutionalized older adults tend to show lower QoL compared to those living independently, with factors such as autonomy and social support playing a key role. Furthermore, aging, cognitive impairment, and chronic stress negatively affect both ER and QoL in older adults. It is concluded that ER is essential to improving QoL in older adults, as it helps them cope with aging-related challenges, increasing resilience and well-being. Implementing intervention programs to strengthen ER and improve QoL is emphasized.