Factores predisponentes de riesgo de enfermedad cerebro vascular en adultos mayores

Abstract

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a significant public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. There are predisposing risk factors that contribute to its occurrence. This study aimed to determine the predisposing risk factors for CVD in older adults, seeking to understand the basic concepts related to the disease and its predisposing factors, perform a documentary analysis, and describe the leading factors that increase the risk of the disease in older adults through a quantitative and analytical literature review. A total of 25 publications from various authors were collected, and eight were selected following the PRISMA method. The results showed that there are non-modifiable risk factors such as older adult age (80%) and male gender (66.4%), as well as modifiable factors such as tobacco use (40.78%), alcohol consumption (64.6%), and preexisting conditions like dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (83.3%), and high blood pressure as the principal risk factor (61.78%). It was concluded that CVD could be prevented by adopting lifestyle changes from an early age, monitoring and medical control of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, promoting self-care, monitoring morbidities, and strengthening preventive activities among older adults.