Hallazgos endoscópicos en hemorragia digestiva alta no variceal

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is blood loss caused by an injury originating anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. It is called upper gastrointestinal bleeding when it is located above the ligament of Treitz. Despite the undoubted advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, this problem remains relevant for medical and nursing staff to have updated and freely accessible information. General Objective: To identify endoscopic findings of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methodology: It corresponds to a literature review of scientific literature, in PubMed-Medline, SciELO, and Elsevier databases, from 2015 to 2022. Updated evidence of the most frequent endoscopic findings in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. Results: The most common endoscopic findings of NVUGIB are erosive gastritis (18.38%), peptic ulcer (16.65%), duodenal ulcer (15.63%), gastric ulcer (13.27%), erosive esophagitis (8.43%), erosive duodenitis (7.72%), neoplasia (4.35%), Mallory Weiss syndrome (3.04%), angiodysplasia (2.4%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (1.16%), hiatal hernia (1.45%), normal endoscopy (3.47%), and others —Decameron ulcer, congestive gastropathy, Dieulafoy's lesion, erosion ulcer of gastroduodenal anastomosis, lack of endoscopy, and undefined lesion— (4.01%). Conclusions: It was obtained that the most frequent endoscopic findings are gastritis, ulcers, esophagitis, duodenitis, neoplasia, Mallory Weiss syndrome, angiodysplasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, normal endoscopy, and others (Decameron ulcer, congestive gastropathy, Dieulafoy's lesion, erosion ulcer of the gastroduodenal anastomosis, lack of endoscopy, and undefined lesion).