Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas del cantón Biblián según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in Ecuador; early detection reduces complications and healthcare costs. In the canton of Biblián, the combination of sedentary lifestyle and abdominal obesity suggests a high level of vulnerability that has not yet been quantified. Objective: To quantify the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among adults aged 20–64 years in the canton of Biblián using the FINDRISK questionnaire and to analyze its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. Stratified random sampling (by parish, sex, and urban-rural area) was used to include 370 residents without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Data on age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, and family history were collected. The analysis (SPSS v21) used the chi-square test (χ²) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among the 370 participants (59% women; median age 41 years), 18% had moderate risk, 13% high risk, and 4% very high risk. Overall, 35% (95% CI: 30–40) required preventive intervention. An elevated waist circumference tripled the likelihood of high/very high risk (OR 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1–4.6; p < 0.001), while physical inactivity doubled the likelihood (OR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7–3.8; p = 0.002). Conclusions and Implications: More than one-third of adults in Biblián showed a clinically significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes, supporting the integration of FINDRISK screening and lifestyle-based programs into local primary healthcare to prevent the disease and its complications. Keywords: waist circumference, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, FINDRISK, public health.