Proceso enfermero en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo

Abstract

Introduction: The nursing process plays an essential role in the care of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome since being one of the causes of mortality worldwide creates an enormous impact on the development of health, demonstrating that nursing provides timely, safe, and humane care according to the need of each individual, family, and community. Objective: To conduct a literature review on the nursing process in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Dialnet, Redalyc, and Virtual Health Library, obtaining a total of 73 documents; of which 5 are literature reviews, 65 original articles, and 3 documents from WHO, DANE and INEC. Results: A higher prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome was identified in men and the age ranged from 44 to 77 years; the factors were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, sedentary lifestyle. Treatment depended on the approach adopted by the health professional among these beta-blockers, statins, and percutaneous coronary intervention; while, preventive measures focused on modifying lifestyle; on the other hand, the nursing process from a holistic point of view assesses, diagnoses, and performs interventions according to the needs of the user. Conclusions: It is essential to know the prevalence, risk factors, therapeutic approach, preventive measures, and the nursing process of Acute Coronary Syndrome improving the health situation and reducing morbidity and mortality in this group of people. Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, prevalence, risk factors, secondary prevention, nursing.