Deshumanización en la atención de enfermería. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Dehumanization in nursing care arises from the biomedical model currently used by health systems in which assistance is technical and minor, or no value is placed on warm, close, and humane care. Objective: To describe dehumanization in nursing care through a literature review. Methodology: this is a narrative literature review, which was structured with documents found in scientific information platforms such PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Scielo, Scopus, Medline, LILACS, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Dialnet using the following search strategies: "Dehumanization + Nursing care", "Humanization + nursing care", "Healthcare Models + Nursing care + Dehumanization". Results: After the literature review, it was possible to know that all the factors associated with dehumanization in nursing care are personal and organizational. The areas where the greatest dehumanization occurs are ICU, obstetrics, and gerontology. The consequences of dehumanization occur both at the level of patients and health professionals. Prevention is based on the design or adaptation of structured and contextualized strategies. Applying nursing models such as Watson's is beneficial to avoid care dehumanization because they provide premises for improving care. Conclusion: Dehumanization in nursing care can be considered an indicator of low quality due to its high impact on morbidity and mortality rates and the high costs to the health system.