Uso de células madres mesenquimales en el tratamiento de enfermedades degenerativas, osteoartritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a progressive and chronic degenerative disease involving the bone, synovial membrane, and muscle, mainly affecting the knees, hips, and hands. Studies show that 80% of people over 65 suffer from the pathology, with 29.3% involving the knees, 10.10% the cervical region, 15.52% the lumbar region, and 7.73% the hands. The current treatment depends on the patient's clinical condition, ranging from pharmacological treatment (reducing symptoms) to surgical techniques. Recent studies have shown that stem cells are a treatment method with regenerative potential and anti-inflammatory effects. This type of cells can be obtained from various tissues, and their regenerative and survival capacity makes them a promising therapeutic option. This literature review aims to describe the effectiveness of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a novel treatment for osteoarthritis based on the updated scientific literature. The methodology used for this bibliographic review is a narrative type in which Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed, and Springer databases were used. The results show that MSCs are a group of cells capable of repairing musculoskeletal tissue and that components such as exosomes are responsible for fixing the injury. In conclusion, MSCs are an innovative treatment due to the benefits obtained, improving the quality of life of people by 72-78%.