Consideraciones éticas de la reanimación neonatal en prematuros. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: Preterm delivery occurs before 37 weeks of gestation and is given by the fact that the pregnancy does not reach a specific duration and is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Neonatal resuscitation aims to avoid the death of the newborn or its possible sequelae, analyzing the ethics where the decisions taken are medically complex and ethically controversial. General objective: To describe the ethical considerations of neonatal reanimation in preterm infants. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review in different digital scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Up To Date, Scopus, and Elsevier, using bibliographic descriptors such as DeCs and MeSH. Results: As prematurity is the cause of death in children under five years of age, neonatal reanimation performed in an effective and timely manner could improve neonatal outcomes, avoiding neurological deficits and improving survival without morbidity. The limits of feasibility cannot be universally exercised, and the ethical aspects of reanimation will focus on comfort for the neonate and the well-being of the parents, who, as far as possible, will be involved in decision-making. Conclusions: Due to the high probability that a premature infant will require reanimation, placing premature infants in the grey zone could be of great help to the reanimation team since it entails highlighting the principles of bioethics, considering that the procedures and treatments that are performed on a premature infant should be for the benefit of the infant, focused on reducing morbidity and sequelae in addition to improving survival