Complicaciones postquirúrgicas de la tiroidectomía trans-oral versus tiroidectomía convencional

Abstract

Background: Thyroid pathology is highly frequent, being the surgical treatment of choice in some cases, so it is essential to know which techniques currently used have the best results combined with fewer complications.

General Objective: To determine the most frequent complications of transoral thyroidectomy versus conventional thyroidectomy.

Methodology: Narrative literature review for which the following search engines were used: PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, Cochrane, Scopus, Medscape, and LILACS. The following keywords were considered: "Transoral thyroidectomy," "Conventional thyroidectomy," "Complications," "Thyroidectomy," "Post-surgical hypocalcemia," "Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism," "Laryngeal nerve injury," and Boolean connectors such as "AND," "OR" and "NOT." Twenty-five articles were included that met the selection criteria being among quartiles 1-4 according to SCIMAGO with a publication period not exceeding five years and being reviewed under the PRISMA method.

Results: It was inferred from the articles that the criteria for performing a transoral endoscopic approach as an additional option to the conventional method is related to the type of thyroid disease and its extent, the size of the nodules, the thyroid volume, and the patient's esthetic preference. Most studies show no differences between complications and type of access for thyroidectomy; however, time, days of hospital stay, and volume of postoperative drainage are greater with the endoscopic approach.

Conclusion: To date, it does not appear that the transoral endoscopic approach is better concerning complications than the conventional open technique; however, aesthetically, it is better for the patient.