Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con cáncer de piel

Abstract

Introduction: Skin cancer affects the world population because it is one of the leading causes of death each year. The types of carcinomas, according to their histological origin, are melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer; the latter is divided into basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma; in addition to including cutaneous lymphomas, Merkel cell tumor, and adnexal tumors. Methodology: A descriptive-narrative bibliographic review was carried out with a search and selection of articles related to the research topic in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. These are found in high-impact scientific databases, and the descriptors in health sciences were considered for the keywords search, and Boolean operators AND and OR were used for the search equations. Results: The most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma, non-melanoma, melanoma, and other variants. Frequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the predisposing factor for developing a skin neoplasm; the main complications are metastasis to target organs and death. The ideal treatment is surgery, chemo, and radiotherapy; nursing is responsible for educating individuals about the signs and symptoms and using sun protection measures. Conclusion: Early detection of the disease and adequate control of its cause is the way to prevent or delay the different types of neoplasms.