Parámetros para el establecimiento de la jurisdicción y competencia de los jueces constitucionales especializados en Ecuador.

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of constitutional justice in Ecuador, from the model established by the 2008 Constitution to the reform approved in the 2024 referendum, which introduced the creation of specialized constitutional courts. It argues that the absence of judges with specific training has produced dispersed jurisprudential criteria and weakened legal certainty, hindering the uniform application of judicial guarantees. Through a legal-analytical and comparative-law approach, the study finds that judicial systems that set clear parameters for assigning specialized competencies—and that promote professional specialization—achieve a more consistent interpretation of the law. Building on this assessment, the article proposes for Ecuador a model of constitutional justice that combines technical rigor with effective territorial coverage through a tiered jurisdictional structure. It concludes that judicial specialization constitutes not only an institutional transformation, but also a key tool for structuring the exercise of judicial discretion and consolidating a coherent model of constitutionalism oriented toward the effective protection of rights.