Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Ingeniería Civil
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Examinando Trabajos de Titulación - Sede Azogues - Ingeniería Civil por Asesores "Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín"
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la calidad constructiva de las estructuras de hormigón armado en edificaciones de propiedad privada que se encuentran en construcción dentro del cantón Azogues(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2019) Vargas Tello, Esteban Oswaldo; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302266556; ., .One of the most widely used materials in the world for building construction is the Portland Cement hydraulic concrete due to its great mechanical characteristics, its low manufacturing cost, its easy production, its capacity of acquiring any shape, etc. The main objective of the following research is to assess the quality of the structural elements of reinforced concrete that are part of private buildings and housing in the city of Azogues, due to the fact that this is an essential and indispensable activity in any building process. The research is focused on assessing the building processes and the quality of the concrete used, as well as its main elements. The quality of recent concrete and its mechanical strength was evaluated, where samples could be molded on site and tested for compression in the laboratory. In other cases, if the structural elements were already built, their resistance was evaluated by non-destructive testing using the Schmidt hammer. For reinforcing steel, the degree of compliance with minimum diameters, bending and straightening of both longitudinal and stirrup reinforcing steel was calculated, as established by the American Concrete Institute and the Ecuadorian Building Standard. Finally, statistical tables will show the current state and scenario in which the building activity is taking place and its impact on the structural safety of buildings in Azogues.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAnálisis de la manejabilidad del hormigón con materiales empleados en la ciudad de Azogues, considerando su contenido de agua y asentamineto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Tandazo Parra, Sebastián Patricio; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302197793; ., .Within the design of concrete, there has been a great controversy for a long time, at the moment of elaborating concrete mixtures it has not been possible to control its workability rigorously. Many factors can affect the flowability of concrete mixtures, one of the most important being the amount of water added to the mixture; however, this factor is also related to the physical properties of the aggregates, as well as the cementitious agent used. The immense variety of aggregates and types of cement in the world makes it impractical to standardize a procedure for all existing combinations. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out laboratory tests to determine the behavior of fresh concrete made with locally available materials and under different humidity conditions. The research is focused on establishing the correlation between the plasticity of the concrete and the amount of water added, to obtain data that will allow designers, contractors, and concrete producers to improve the characterization of the mixtures,considering the properties of the aggregates and types of cement that are marketed in Azogues city. The tests were conducted in a laboratory, in a controlled environment, and with materials of excellent quality, which comply with the requirements established by the Ecuadorian Standardization Service. The results are shown in several graphs and tables where the different settlements of a fresh mix can be observed, depending on the amount of water used, the type of cement, size and shape of the aggregate, as well as the water-cement ratio (A/C).
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCaracterización de unidades de mampostería más comunes en la ciudad de Azogues(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Cantos Torres, Carla Alexandra; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0301670014; ., .The structural behavior of masonry has been the subject of analytical and experimental, giving rise to techniques developed for their use, and establishment of standards of quality that determine the design and construction processes. In Ecuador the trend cultural is the construction of houses with masonry that are part of elements structural and non-structural, whose execution is mainly due to processes of self-construction, without quality control. Of the seismic events that occurred, it has been evidenced weaknesses in these elements, without guaranteeing structural stability. Despite having developed new manufacturing techniques for partitions and walls, the masonry is the main material for the construction of houses, being necessary know their properties, determining the degree of vulnerability they present before the action of the loads they support. The objective of the present work is to investigate the physical-mechanical characteristics of the masonry units commonly used in Azogues, determining the degree of compliance with the specifications established in the INEN Ecuadorian Technical Standard, and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC15. The compressive strength of the masonry units was evaluated, since it is the main characteristic that influences the structural behavior of the system, physical tests to determine absorption, density and volume of solids, necessary for evaluate the quality of the product and its vulnerability to the action of agents that cause its premature deterioration. The behavior of these units of masonry, and its respective analysis.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDeterminación del módulo de elasticidad del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Lema García, José Manuel; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302711015; ., .Concrete is one of the most flexible and easy-to-make building materials in the world nowadays, which is why it has become the most commonly used material in the world. Its main components differ in each place due to its specific characteristics, which are also responsible for the mechanical property changes. Understanding these properties is extremely important in order to provide engineers with the necessary information for dimensioning structural elements. Elasticity is one of the most important parameters in the design of concrete structures and its value depends on its components. Identifying its specific value is an essential step in guaranteeing the accuracy of the calculations and the structural design. This research aims to define the elasticity of concrete manufactured with aggregates and most widely used cements in the city of Azogues and its surroundings. The project involves carrying out tests on cylindrical hardened concrete samples to determine simultaneously the compressive strengths and the static elasticity of each sample. The tests will be performed according to the American Society of Testing Materials through the ASTM C 39 and ASTM C 496 standards. The results of the tests will allow to establish a correlation between these two parameters and to develop a similar equation to those of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318).
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoHormigón con áridos reciclables procedentes de residuos de construcción(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Vivar González, Jéssica Lisseth; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302183264; ., .This work analyzes the behavior, under compressrve stresses, of recycled concrete and conventional concrete, with previously classified and analyzed rubble obtained from the municipal dump of the Azogues canton, to recommend or discard the use of ecological concrete in structural and non-structural elements where it is required. For the elaboration of the ecological concrete tests, previous activities were conducted such as the selection, classification, and crushing of the rubble used in the tests, then the physical-mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate were defined, such as volumetric weights, granulometry, hurnidity, absorption; necessary for the elaboration of the concrete The results of the tests of conventional and ecological concrete were compared according to the water/cement ratio and the percentages of natural and recycled aggregates applied in each of the specimens tested. The application of ecological concrete presents an advantage in terms of cost and environmental mitigation; although the resistance conditions are not superior to those of conventional concrete, it can be said that the use of ecological concrete can help significantly to mitigate environmental affections, taking into account the acceptable quality in terms of compressive strength that it possesses.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoManual de diseño de pavimentos de hormigón para vías de bajo volúmenes de tránsito(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Puma Chauca, Clara Katherine; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 03023976225; ., .The present work is a "Rigid Pavement Design Manual, cJc bajov volúmcnc': de transit to the city of Azogues". A simple methodology that allows -.u', w.ut1río-: resolve the dimensioning of hydraulic concrete slabs using cornplctt.1rncr1tc primers intuitive and simple to apply, taking as variables the traffic, the gcotechnical conditions-;, and its mechanical properties. Conventional pavement design methods for medium and high volume roads. of traffic are based on a number of parameters that must be analyzed since they influence notably in the thicknesses. Prepare a manual of this type, located in an area relatively small. allows to simplify the process giving relevance to those variables most influential in design, such as subgrade characteristics, estimated traffic and the properties of the materials. In addition, considering that the traffic that circulates in these roads is mainly for light vehicles, the probability of occurrence of a situation adverse are minimal, allowing to obtain thicknesses less than those calculated by the methods conventional. At the end, obtaining design primers for the different combinations of its variables, allow a substantial reduction of time for the engineers in charge of the process of design, control and approval of pavements. It is hoped that this study will serve as a starting point so that local authorities can develop and approve a regulation that contains a similar manual and pavement design guide for low traffic volumes, approved by the highest building authority.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPlantamiento de la curva de ABRAMS para obtener resistencia a la compresión de hormigón, a través de la relación agua/cemento (A/C)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Cantos Muñoz, John Marcelo; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302302419; ., .The correlation between the simple compressive strength and the Water/Cement (A/C) ratio is fundamental in the design of concrete mixtures represented in the Abrams curve and several universally used tables. This information refers to types of cement and aggregates whose characteristics are different from those available in the area, without sufficient research to determine this correlation. The lack of research pointed out, highlights the need to conduct tests to determine the materials to be used, taking into account that the effectiveness of the process is based on a correlation that adjusts to the available raw material, providing reliability and making it possible to improve production processes and economize them. The objective is to replicate the correlation provided by Abrams between the simple compression of concrete with the A/C ratio using materials available in the study area. The procedure was to use controlled laboratory tests regulated by a strict compliance policy in place to guarantee and avoid variability in the results. The method consisted of the manufacture of 10 test pieces for each percentage variation of A/C and was tested at simple compression at 28 days. The results show that the types of cement are the essential resources at the time of determining the resistance of the concrete. To replicate these results obtained, from the proposal of the author, it would be convenient to use the correlation reached in this research. Finally, it is concluded that the ideal complementarity of this process implies conjunction according to types of cement and aggregates.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPropuesta alternativa de mampostería prefabricada en hormigón reforzado con fibras de plástico y acero, para paredes no estructurales en viviendas convencionales(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Sarmientos Cantos, Ismael Marcelo; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302206222; ., .The performance of concrete masonry blocks is directly related to the mechanical properties of the materials that comprise it. Currently, in the city of Azogues in Ecuador, the use of fibers in masonry blocks is not common, wasting the advantages that these can offer, that is why it is considered an opportunity to improve the mechanical properties of masonry units and offer a cheaper proposal. Digital models have been made in SAP 2000 software, simulating the compressive strength test, this test has been considered for simulation since it provides one of the main parameters to control the behavior of the block, the simulation is carried out in a conventional block , a block with recycled plastic fibers and one with steel fibers, the Stress/Strain graphs are obtained from said test, where the maximum load that each masonry unit supports is determined. In addition, a Cost-Benefit analysis is carried out where it is established that the best option is that of a concrete block reinforced with recycled plastic fibers. The simulation carried out using digital models allows us to predict their behavior immediately, prior to the construction of the blocks.
- ÍtemAcceso Abierto“Propuesta de diseño geométrico para el mejoramiento del intercambiador de tránsito del sector de Chacapamba, de la ciudad de Azogues”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Peña Ortega, Luz Carolina; Serpa Calderón, María José; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0302648944; 0350083580; ., .This project analyzes the traffic interchange in the Chacapamba sector, where the “24 de Mayo” Avenue and the E-35 Highway, as established in the Ecuadorian Road Regulations 2012 (NEVI 12 by its Spanish acronym), are connected. The purpose of this analysis of the roads is to offer geometric layout alternatives that improve the level of service and safety and eliminate problems such as vehicular counterblow. Once the appropriate design is made, the traffic conflicts in the area will be resolved, providing an adequate response to current and future traffic jams. The starting point of this project was to know the operation of each road access, the volumes, the traffic composition, and the topographic survey of the study area. The next step was to collect information such as vehicle counts for seven consecutive days and fuel consumption records provided by the Agency for Regulation and Control of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources. With the data obtained, two alternatives were designed according to the regulations of the Ministry of Public Works (MOP 2003 by its Spanish acronym), NEVI-12, and NCHRP for overpasses and traffic circles that complied with an efficient structure; they were modeled in Vissim 10 software to visualize the performance of each proposal. Finally, the most viable alternative was defined for a 20-year design period, geometric design, modeling, and drawings demonstrating the operational changes' feasibility.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoProyecto de titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Contreras Palomeque, Rosita Estefanía; González González, Efrén Estuardo; Crespo Crespo, Jorge Efraín; 0350177994; 0302769930