Sede Azogues - Medicina
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/88
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Examinando Sede Azogues - Medicina por Asesores "Álvarez Ochoa, Robert Iván"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes con obesidad. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Jiménez Puente, María José; Álvarez Ochoa, Robert Iván; 1400828495Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including “dyslipidemias, hypertension, insulin resistance, central obesity, and impaired glucose levels” (1). This study analyzed the number of children and adolescents with obesity who had this condition. Methods: A systematic review was conducted during the 2023–2024 period. Selected articles were in English or Spanish, published between 2019 and 2023, and available in full-text and open access. Information was collected from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included combinations such as "Metabolic syndrome children and adolescents with obesity," "metabolic" AND "syndrome" in "children" AND "adolescent," "cardiometabolic consequences." Results: The studies reviewed were categorized to address the research objectives: five studies analyzed children with both obesity and metabolic syndrome; thirteen studies helped identify populations using diagnostic guidelines or alternative parameters; and eight studies focused on cardiometabolic changes as consequences of the syndrome. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with obesity have a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome; however, metabolic syndrome can also occur in individuals without obesity. The most commonly used diagnostic criteria are those from the International Diabetes Federation, Ferranti, and NCEP-ATP III. Children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome are prone to complications such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular damage. Keywords: children, adolescents, metabolic syndrome, obesityÍtem Acceso Abierto Soporte nutricional enteral temprano en cuidados intensivos. Revisión Sistemática(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Bustos Avendaño , Daniel Enrique; Álvarez Ochoa, Robert Iván; 0350005518Background: Enteral nutrition for critically ill patients has evolved significantly since the mid-20th century. Initially, its use was limited by technical challenges and a lack of knowledge regarding its benefits. However, advances in medical technology and growing evidence of its positive effects—such as reduced infections and mortality—have established it as an essential component of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Parenteral nutrition is now preferred, whenever feasible, because of its ability to preserve intestinal function and strengthen the immune system. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2019 and 2023 was conducted using databases such as Scopus and PubMed. Studies written in English and Spanish, with open access and full text available, were considered. Papers that did not meet these criteria were excluded. Results: Of the 76,499 publications identified, only 33 articles were selected for the final analysis after applying inclusion criteria and conducting a thorough analytical reading. These studies were chosen based on their relevance to the research objective. Conclusions: Enteral nutritional support has been shown to reduce mortality, strengthen gastric immunity, and shorten hospital stays. These benefits are more significant when nutritional support is implemented early and adapted to the patient’s comorbidities. Keywords: nutrition, support, intensive care unit
