Efectividad antibacteriana y acción periodontal de las gomas de mascar libres de azúcares en pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia: revisión sistemática
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Universidad Católica de Cuenca
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"Aim: In patients with fixed orthodontic appliances, the effectiveness of mechanical
cleaning is compromised due to difficulties in accessing all áreas of the mouth.
Purpose: Aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness and periodontal actions of
sugar-free chewing gums in patients with fixed orthodontics through a systematic
review of randomized clinical trials.
Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in digital databases for
articles published up to 2024 in accordance with
the PICO question. This review followed the PRISMA methodology and was
registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023444472), while the Cochrane RoB 2 tool used
to assess the risk of bias and GRADE employed to evaluate the certainty of evidence
for each outcome.
Results: Five studies were included. A significant reduction Streptococcus mutans
in saliva was observed in two studies (−17%-33% saliva, −20%-29% dental plaque,
p<0.05), with xylitol gum and it’s mixture with sorbitol exerting the best effect after
one month of consumption (GRADE high). An effective decrease in the plaque index
was observed in two studies of xylitol gum (−43% −47%,
p<0.05) after one month of consumption, as well as studies of essential oil gum (10
days) and sorbitol gum (three months) (GRADE low). Chlorhexidine, sorbitol, and
essential oil gums effectively reduce gingival bleeding, and xylitol gum increases the
salivary pH, more than 50% presented a high risk of bias, and less than 25% were
at low risk of bias (GRADE low).
Conclusion: The different types of chewing gum significantly improved the oral health
of patients with fixed orthodontics, the quality of evidence suggeststhat chewing gums
could decrease the level of SM in saliva (4:1 xylitol and sorbitol mix or xylitol).
However, the heterogeneity of the studies limits the generalization to other
outcomes which highlights the need for larger and longer clinical trials to confirm
their efficacy."
Palabras clave
TRATAMIENTO ORTODÓNTICO; EFECTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA; LIMPIEZA MECÁNICA
Citación
Lara Velecela, María Agusta; Lima Illescas, Miriam; Efectividad antibacteriana y acción periodontal de las gomas de mascar libres de azúcares en pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia: revisión sistemática; 2025
