Examinando por Autor "Chuma Mainato , Mishel Alexandra"
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Deformidades congénitas de la pared torácica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2025) Chuma Mainato , Mishel Alexandra; Astudillo Bravo , Diana Katherine; 0302626171Introduction: Congenital chest wall deformities are embryological anomalies. Among the most well-known are pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, and Poland syndrome, with an incidence of approximately 1 in every 400 births. These conditions are more common in males and often require imaging studies for detection due to their asymptomatic or non-specific presentation. Literature Review: Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity characterized by a depression of the anterior chest wall, potentially leading to cardiac compression and respiratory restriction that worsens with age. The primary treatment is surgical, especially with the minimally invasive Nuss procedure, as it improves cardiopulmonary function and aesthetic appearance. Pectus carinatum is another congenital chest deformity characterized by the protrusion of the anterior chest wall. Although it does not typically present with cardiorespiratory symptoms, it is treated primarily for aesthetic reasons, employing both minimally invasive surgical techniques and chest compression braces. The prognosis is excellent, with no long-term adverse effects; however, the condition can negatively impact the patient's self-esteem and social life. Poland syndrome is a congenital disorder marked by the partial or complete absence of the pectoral muscles, often accompanied by ipsilateral malformations such as hand anomalies and osteocartilaginous defects. Treatment varies based on severity and includes prostheses, autografts, and bone reconstruction. Generally, patients are asymptomatic, except in severe cases that may compromise functionality and lead to other complications. Conclusion: Congenital chest wall deformities, although infrequent, can affect quality of life and may necessitate treatment. Conservative approaches, such as dynamic compression bracing and physiotherapy, are preferred during patient growth because they present lower risks and complications compared to surgery.
