Envíos recientes
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Acceso Abierto
Prevalencia de la desnutrición infantil de 0 a 5 años
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Pomaquiza Pomaquiza, Tania Mariela; Miranda Muñoz, Anabel Vanesa; Rodriguez Pañora, Patricia Elizabeth; 0350076956; 0302324512
Introduction: The prevalence of undernutrition in children aged 0 to 5 years is fundamental to understand the magnitude of the global public health problem, especially in low-income and developing countries, Ecuador stands out with significant rates of chronic (25.2%) and acute (8.3%) undernutrition. Objective: To identify the existing scientific evidence on the prevalence of child undernutrition in children aged 0 to 5 years. Methodology: An exhaustive search was carried out in databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, SCOPUS and the UCACUE library, applying specific inclusion criteria, 30 relevant studies were selected for the review. The information collected was systematically structured to facilitate the analysis and synthesis of the results obtained. Results: The prevalence of child undernutrition varies in different countries, with high rates in places such as Cuba (65%), Paraguay (64.9%), Palestine and Africa (49.1%), likewise, Ecuador has chronic undernutrition (25.2%) and acute undernutrition (8.3%), being more common in children from rural areas. Conclusion: Worldwide, the prevalence of child malnutrition in children aged 0 to 5 years reveals variability. In Ecuador, the highest prevalence is observed in the highlands region with 32%, followed by the Amazon region with 22.7%, in contrast, the coastal region has a prevalence of 15.7%, and the insular region shows a low incidence of this disease, with 5.8%.
Key words: child malnutrition, prevalence, children aged 0 to 5 years, childhood.
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Acceso Abierto
Calidad de vida en los pacientes con tuberculosis atendidos en el distrito 03D02
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Angamarca Padilla, KARINA JAZMIN; Zhao Quizhpilema, Mariuxi Alexandra; Rodriguez Pañora, Patricia Elizabeth; 0302947387; 0302654090
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that represents a significant global challenge, mainly in developing countries. Beyond the physical symptoms, the disease affects mental health and social relationships due to associated stigmas, which makes tuberculosis a problem that impacts multiple aspects of life, requiring a comprehensive approach to its management and treatment. In Ecuador, despite attempts to control tuberculosis, there is evidence of a significant prevalence of this disease. Objective: To determine the quality of life of patients with tuberculosis treated in District 03D02 through a systematic review. Methodology: The PRISMA 2020 protocol was used. The primary databases for the search were Google Scholar, SciELO, PubMed, and institutional repositories, among others. The included studies passed the proposed filters in the inclusion criteria: year of publication, language, keywords, and publication type. Results: Tuberculosis affects the quality of life of patients in terms of physical, psychological, and social aspects. Additionally, a direct association between socioeconomic level and the disease was found. On the other hand, it was found that most cases of tuberculosis occur in men, but women present the quality of life with the most significant deterioration. Conclusion: There were 230 cases of tuberculosis reported in the year 2022; however, the results indicate a lack of information regarding the quality of life in patients with the disease in district 03D02.
Keywords: quality of life, tuberculosis, stigma.
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Acceso Abierto
Medidas utilizadas en la prevención de caídas en adultos mayores
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Castillo Romero, Rocio Elizabeth; Siguencia Quizhpilema, Edison Israel; Espadero, Rosa Gabriela; 0350100228; 0302797766
Introduction: As the population ages, falls in older adults are much more prevalent. Fall prevention has become a priority. Strategies aimed at preventing falls include the assessment of known risk factors and the treatment of identified modifiable factors; therefore, preventing falls in older adults is the responsibility of all healthcare personnel. Objective: To systematize information on the measures used to prevent falls in older adults in nursing homes, focusing on the construction of scientific knowledge and the development of skills to contribute to the assessment and care of geriatric patients. Methodology: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) method was employed using keywords and Boolean operators in the main health databases, considering the measures used for preventing falls in older adults. Conclusions: Preventing falls in older adults is fundamental; therefore, several strategies such as identification of risk factors, education of the patient and the staff in charge of the care of older adults, specific nursing interventions within their context, and physical exercise —vital not only in fall prevention but also in the quality-of-life improvement— should be applied.
Keywords: measures, prevention, falls, older adults.
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Acceso Abierto
Abandono del adulto mayor que residen en los centros gerontológicos
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Romero Padilla, Michaelle Dayana; Buñay Patiño, Alicia Magaly; Rojas, Erika Paola; 0303105548; 0302148259
Introduction: Abandoning older adults is considered a form of mistreatment towards individuals in their advanced years, which implies neglect or abandonment in vulnerable conditions. However, upon admission to gerontological centers, many of them are abandoned by their relatives, which is manifested in the lack of family visits, negligence in care, and poor attention by healthcare personnel. Objective: To systematize the scientific evidence on the neglect of older adults in gerontological centers. Methodology: A systemic review was conducted by searching for information using the keywords "abandonment," "older adult," and "gerontological centers" with the use of Boolean operators ¨AND, ¨ and ¨OR; ¨ which allowed the search using the databases Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Redalyc. Results: The main factors that are responsible for the abandonment of the older adults by their loved ones have been identified, such as social, psychological, political and economic factors, Conclusions: Leaving older adults alone in gerontological centers is a complex problem that requires careful attention and effective measures for its prevention and management.
Keywords: older adults’ abandonment, risk factors, gerontological centers.
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Acceso Abierto
Factores que influyen en la depresión en los adultos mayores. Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Ramón Padilla, Kevin Efraín; Santander Coronel , Lisseth Verónica; Espadero , Gabriela; 0302547906; 0302333273
Introduction: Depression in older adults is a significant health problem that can have a negative impact on quality of life and physical health. Objective: To perform a systematic review of the scientific literature on factors that affect depression in older adults. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA method. The databases used were Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, ProQuest, Web Of Science, and Medline, and the application of filters such as articles in English and Spanish from the last five years with keywords and Boolean operators AND and OR. Results: The analysis of 20 articles selected in the literature review showed an overall prevalence of depression of 33.4%. With relation to the factors influencing depression, it was found that the age group older than 85 years presented a higher risk of depression, being more prevalent in the female sex. In addition, those having a low level of education and belonging to lower wealth quintiles are more prone to this health problem. Other related factors were medical morbidities, living alone¸ food insecurity¸ cognitive impairment, and physical limitations. Conclusion: Depression in older adults often goes unnoticed and is inadequately diagnosed and treated, which can have severe consequences for the health and quality of life of these individuals.
Keywords: risk factors, depression, older adults.
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Acceso Abierto
Eficacia del propóleo en el tratamiento de la mastitis subclínica bovina: una alternativa natural.
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ladi Santander, Johana Patricia; Cuenca Condoy, Mercy del Cisne; 0105326375
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of propolis against the bacteria that cause subclinical bovine mastitis. The experiment was run in two phases. In the first phase, the propolis extract was obtained through the maceration method, using 90º alcohol as a solvent. In the second phase, bacteria were isolated and identified from raw milk samples from the Cumbe parish using the MALDI-TOF technique. Antibiogram disks impregnated with different concentrations of propolis were used to determine bacterial susceptibility. Statistical analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test due to non-normality of the data. Eight bacteria were identified, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae as contagious microorganisms, and environmental type Pantoea agglomerans, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Arthrobacter gandavensis and Kluyvera cryocrescens were reported. The results showed widespread resistance to the antibiotics penicillin and doxycycline. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus warneri and Arthrobacter gandavensis showed susceptibility to propolis, with significant inhibition zones starting at 0.25 mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis against S. aureus and S. agalactiae was determined at doses of 0.1 mL and 0.05 mL, respectively. The findings suggest that propolis could be an effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of subclinical bovine mastitis, especially against certain pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics, highlighting the urgent need to investigate new therapeutic options for this disease.
Key words: Bovine mastitis; etiology; propolis
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Acceso Abierto
Efectos secundarios frente a la inmunización de covid-19 en estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de Odontología Campus Azogues.
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Angulo Cueva, Karen Dayanara; Urgilés Esquivel, Janneth Cecilia; 1104367212
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has played a pivotal role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, notably focusing on achieving herd immunity. Objective: The objective was to identify the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on dental students and faculty staff at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus. Methodology: The study was quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional, involving 504 participants (470 students and 34 faculty members). The sample size was calculated using the Open Epi software, determining a minimum sample size of 288 units. Simple random sampling was employed with adherence to selection criteria. Results: Primary findings indicate that the Sinovac vaccine was predominantly used (28.82%), followed by Pfizer (22.22%). Of the participants, 42.71% received two doses plus a booster. Additionally, 42.01% reported no symptoms post-immunization. Among those who experienced symptoms, the most commonly reported were headache, stomach discomfort, general malaise, joint pain, bone pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, totaling 18.42%. In response to symptoms, self-medication was prevalent (20.83%), with paracetamol being administered in 3.13% of cases. Conclusion: The primary objective was to evaluate post-vaccination side effects, revealing that most of the study sample did not exhibit symptoms. Those who reported minor symptoms did not need emergency care and were managed with self-administered medications.
Keywords: COVID-19, vaccine, inoculation, side effects, dosage
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Acceso Abierto
Coexistencia del trastorno antisocial en el desarrollo de drogodependencias; Un enfoque desde la patología dual.
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Muñoz Astudillo , Pedro; Reivan Ortiz , Geovanny; 0107132870
This research aimed to analyze the coexistence between antisocial disorder and drug dependence comprehensively, explained from the perspective of dual pathology, with emphasis on the theoretical bases of clinical psychology. A qualitative, descriptive approach was used, and the methodology was based on a literature review. The following databases were used to search for information: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. As a result, the study mentions that antisocial disorder is mainly characterized by criminal behavior, manifested through aggressions and attacks on others, leading to the development of drug dependencies. There is a strong correlation between these factors, thus making it a dual pathology where the risk factors in social, family, and personal contexts strongly influence the development of this mental health issue.
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Acceso Abierto
Métodos diagnósticos por imagen en patología nodular tiroidea. Revisión Sistemática
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Benavides Naranjo, María Fernanda; Vázquez Calle , Martha Narciza; 0302802897
Thyroid nodules are cystic or solid lumps that are usually asymptomatic; their diagnosis in most cases has been incidental to pathologies outside the thyroid gland; thus, it is necessary to investigate this issue to provide knowledge on imaging studies such as ultrasound; it is the most used method because it has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis. In contrast, CT and MRI tests enable the assessment of the extent of the lesions. Objective: To describe the diagnostic imaging methods used in thyroid nodular pathology through a systematic review with information from updated scientific databases. Method: A systematic review of a qualitative, descriptive design was conducted, utilizing a founded theory approach. It will involve a bibliographic review of current documented databases on diagnostic methods in nodular thyroid pathology. Keywords and their combinations will be used to locate the literature documents. Results: Thirteen articles that met the selection criteria were analyzed, indicating that the imaging studies employed to diagnose thyroid nodules are mainly ultrasound. Discussion: The primary imaging study for diagnosing thyroid nodules is ultrasound since it has multiple benefits such as easy access, simple method, noninvasive procedure, high sensitivity, and specificity.
Keywords: thyroid nodule, thyroid ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, thyroid ultrasound
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Acceso Abierto
Los riesgos ergonómicos derivados de las condiciones subestándar en la instalación de piso de porcelanato
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca, 2024) Reinoso Calle , Vanessa Cristina; Gárate Rodríguez, Paulo
