Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Ambiental

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  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Evaluación de grasas y aceites en aguas residuales de lavadora de vehículos Team Wash mediante filtrado a base de hoja de maíz
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ortiz Espinosa, Mario Gonzalo; Iglesias Abad, Sergio Fernando; 0105532774
    This study analyzed wastewater samples from the "Team Wash" vehicle washing company. Physicochemical parameters were measured, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), fats, and oils. Samples of untreated water (T0) were compared with samples treated with corn leaf-based filtration, rapid filtration (T1) with a retention time of 1 minute, and slow filtration (T2) with a retention time of 60 minutes. The latter removes up to 80% of fats and oils. However, after rapid and slow filtration, the COD concentration increased between 9802 mg/L and >15000 mg/L, with 500 mg/L being the maximum permissible concentration for discharge into public sewers in Ecuador. These samples were collected with the company's consent and evaluated in 5 trials. For each trial day, 3 liters were collected. The analyses were conducted at the Environmental Engineering Laboratory of the Center for Research and Technological Transfer (CITT by its Spanish acronym) at the Catholic University of Cuenca. The results showed a significant reduction in the concentration of fats and oils with the application of the treatments.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Aprovechamiento del caucho de neumáticos fuera de uso en la elaboración de revestimiento para superficies desarrollado en la Ciudad de Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Tuba Ayala , Luis Paulino; González Salamea, Melva Francisca; 0105506802
    The utilization of rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs) in coating production introduces an alternative that reduces the quantity of these wastes since the biggest problem of its generation is the amount disposed of in landfills or its potential source of contamination to water, air, and soil. In the conducted study, coatings were prepared using scrap rubber as a base and shredded rubber from ELTs at six different percentages, to which several hardness, compression, abrasion, and absorption tests were conducted to determine the characteristics and behavior of these materials to evaluate their potential use in recreational and playground areas. The results obtained showed favorable characteristics. The hardness of these coatings would not cause significant discomfort to individuals due to impacts caused by falls, and they would also recover from the constant pressures that these coatings may suffer due to the application of static loads. The combination of scrap rubber and shredded rubber, ranging from 60 and 75% is highly resistant and can be used in various areas such as parks, walkways, parking lots, and spaces with high pedestrian traffic. On the other hand, those containing between 15 to 45% shredded rubber are suitable for residential yards; additionally, they have a low susceptibility to moisture infiltration (highly waterproof), resistance to environmental temperature changes, durability, and require minimal maintenance.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Diagnóstico de la calidad del agua para uso agrícola y ganadero en dos tributarios de la cuenca alta del río Cañar
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Padrón Ordóñez, Matheus Sebastián; Iglesias Abad, Sergio Fernando; 0302355102
    In this study, the Silante and San Pedro Rivers micro-watersheds were diagnosed, including their morphometric characteristics with geo-referenced information. In addition, it focuses on analyzing the physicochemical and microbiological properties of water for agricultural use. Likewise, surveys were applied to residents performing different activities within the study area, revealing the current state of the micro-watersheds. Additionally, the water quality was determined through the application of the United States ICA-NSF. Consequently, from the process of identification and evaluation of the morphometric characteristics, it was observed that the Silante River micro-watershed is in a youthful stage with significant erosive potential, while the San Pedro River micro-watershed is in a mature stage and a state of equilibrium; both micro-watersheds present problems such as garbage, household drainage, and waste from agriculture and livestock. The water quality in the study area had an average value of 53.29, which in The ICA-NSF index represents the medium quality water suitable for irrigation, and with prior potabilization, treatment can be used as drinking water. Keywords: micro-watersheds, water quality, ICA-NSF, characterization, waste, crops
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Análisis multitemporal de la concentración del contaminante PM2.5 en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Cuenca.
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Reyes Redrovan, Jonnathan Patricio; Santillán Rodríguez, Vinicio Estuardo; 0106163363
    As one of the global health issues is air pollution due to particulate matter PM2.5, an analysis of this pollutant’s concentrations was conducted in Cuenca’s urban area. Based on multi-temporal research from 2013 to 2022, the study employed a combination of multispectral remote sensing images and PM2.5 concentrations from three permanent stations of EMOV EP (Municipal Mobility Company). The levels of alert, alarm, and emergency established by current environmental regulations were determined in the different urban parishes of Cuenca. The most significant concentration values were observed in the parishes near the city's historic center, possibly due to the number of vehicles circulating in the area, making it a harmful agent to the health of residents and merchants. A trend of increasing PM2.5 concentration was identified from 2013 to 2022, with a decline in 2020, where minimum concentration levels are presented, possibly because of the confinement measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Identificación de cepas bacterianas que intervienen en la solubilización del fósforo como base para procesos de Biorremediación
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Pinos Saquinaula, Mariela Cristina; Salazar Orellana, Marjorie Jazmín; 0106078660
    Phosphorus is a fundamental element for plant development; however, its presence in the soil is limited and can be depleted due to various natural processes such as erosion, leaching, and fixation. This study focused on reactivating 67 bacterial strains from the Ruth Moore mycotheque at the Center for Research, Innovation, and Technology Transfer (CIITT by its Spanish acronym). The main objective was to identify bacterial strains capable of solubilizing phosphorus using the specific culture medium known as NBRIP (National Botanic Research Institute’s phosphate growth medium). The results obtained through the halos formed by these bacterial strains allowed the identification of 40 species with the ability to solubilize phosphorus. A literature review was conducted to categorize these species into different groups: 9 species were previously identified by name as phosphorus solubilizers, 19 species were categorized as pathogenic, and three species were reported as non-solubilizers of phosphorus. However, they are used in various bioremediation processes and nine species lacked information regarding their ability to dissolve phosphorus. Notably, this literature review confirmed that Pseudomonas fluorescens stands out as the most effective and widely used in the production of bio inputs.