Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDislipidemias en adultos a nivel de América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pacho Nunink , Karen Elizabeth; Peñaloza Pazato, Pablo Ismael; Siguenza Pacheco, Marco Antonio; 0106755952; 0105816862Introduction: Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal concentrations of lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, which can be found in the blood. Risk factors cause this pathology; the most important are poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, fatty foods, and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions for patients with dyslipidemia in Latin America. Methodology: A descriptive review of articles published within the last five years was conducted using data obtained through the search engines Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, ProQuest, and PubMed. In addition, a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators was applied, which allowed the inclusion of 50 articles. Results: In Latin America, dyslipidemias have a very high prevalence; an accurate diagnosis should be confirmed with laboratory tests; the values should be cholesterol -200 mg/dl and triglycerides -150 mg/dl. An early diagnosis of dyslipidemia prevents complications and avoids chronic diseases such as stroke and arterial hypertension. The consequences in adults are usually more severe, as they can lead to cardiovascular diseases, which, in the worst case, can lead to death. Conclusion: Suffering from dyslipidemia entails many dangers since they do not usually disappear on their own; for this reason, prevalence levels are often very high. Regardless of the patient’s pharmacological treatment, it is essential to be strictly careful to cope and balance a healthy lifestyle before or after developing the disease.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con placenta previa a nivel mundial(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Unda Cando, Jessica Paola; Cedillo Figueroa, Carlos Alberto; Puma Quito, Rodrigo Salvador; 0106057847; 0106624265Placenta previa represents a significant risk of bleeding before or after childbirth, which can result in increased rates of complications and fatalities in pregnant women and newborns. Objective: To analyze, through a literature review, the worldwide prevalence of placenta previa. Methodology: Multiple databases and search equations were used in English and Spanish to analyze 1,038 articles. Of these, a comprehensive evaluation of 400 articles was conducted. Through a screening process, 150 papers relevant to the research were identified. Sixty-three documents met the selection criteria, including 64 scientific articles and one statistical report from the National Statistics and Census Institute (INEC by its Spanish acronym). Results: The research reveals a range of placenta previa rates worldwide, varying from 2.3% to 12.2%; these rates may fluctuate depending on factors including ethnic origin and obstetric conditions; risk factors like advanced maternal age and specific surgical procedures are highlighted. Severe complications, such as bleeding during childbirth, are frequently encountered. Exploring the potential of conventional treatments and less invasive drugs, such as, corticosteroids and tranexamic acid, is essential for managing placenta. Conclusion: The crucial role of nurses in educating, providing comprehensive care, and offering emotional support to women affected by placenta previa and their families is emphasized.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSíndrome de Edwards en Latinoamérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Carrion Casa, Jessica Paola; Guzhñay Aucapiña, Cristopher Fernando; Carchi Flores, Erika Michelle; 0106288707; 0105550073Introduction: Edwards syndrome, or trisomy 18, is a rare genetic condition when an extra copy of chromosome 18 is present in particular or all cells in the body. Objective: To conduct a literature review on Edwards syndrome in Latin America. Methodology: For this task, a systematic review was developed in reliable digital repositories such as Dialnet, Medline, Medigraphic, PubMed, ProQuest, Redalyc, Scopus, and SciELO. Results: Trisomy 18 results from errors in cell segmentation during the creation of sperm or eggs; this type of congenital condition occurs in 1 in every 7,000 live births. The risk of giving birth to a child with trisomy 18 increases as the mother's age advances (over 45). People with this condition usually have severe disabilities and multiple anomalies that affect various body systems. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, where nursing staff focus on providing palliative and supportive care; it varies according to the needs of each individual and is usually focused on making the last days of life pleasant or less painful. Conclusions: Trisomy 18 is a complex genetic condition with significant implications for health and development. Although the prognosis is generally reserved, advances in healthcare and support for families contribute to maintaining the stable and harmonious lifestyle of individuals with this condition.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAplicación de las TICS (Tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones) en el cuidado de la salud(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Romero Zeas, Carmen Verónica; Guevara Vizcaíno, Claudio Fernando; 0105879415Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in patient care use digital tools to provide services, strengthening a country’s economic and social development; they are classified as soft, soft-hard, and hard. Objective: To develop a literature review on applying Information and Communication Technologies in health services. Methodology: A non-experimental research literature review, structured with articles consulted from scientific sources, such as Taylor & Francis, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Medline, ProQuest, Springer, Web of Science, and Redalyc, was conducted. Results: The most widely used computer applications for patient care are mobile applications and digital platforms; concerning the contribution of ICTs in disease prevention, they are classified into primary prevention, focused on avoiding the development of pathologies, while secondary prevention is aimed at early detection of conditions, and tertiary prevention focuses on reducing complications in chronic diseases. Among the existing limitations in care, the following can be distinguished: lack of security, privacy, acceptability, reliability, and others. On the other hand, the areas of nursing in which ICTs are mainly used are assistance, administration, research, and teaching. Finally, the digital divide is evidenced by economic, geographic, and social factors. Conclusion: ICTs are essential tools nowadays and very useful for healthcare professionals because they optimize resources and time spent in different healthcare areas.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en pacientes pediatricos con hidrocefalia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Sarango Urrego, Diana Carolina; Allaico Muyudumbay, Verónica Nataly; 1105911281; 0150765147Nurses play an essential role in the comprehensive care of children with hydrocephalus. Their experience, ongoing education in pediatric care, and dedication to patient well-being are crucial in assisting children and their families in effectively managing this condition. Methodology: A narrative literature review on nursing interventions in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus was conducted using scientifically and academically recognized databases. Keywords derived from Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) were used, and inclusion criteria were established for language and articles published between 2018 and 2023. Results: The prevalence of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients shows variability, highlighting the diversity in presentation and severity. Risk factors associated with pediatric hydrocephalus range from gestational anomalies and cerebral hemorrhage to folic acid deficiency, maternal infections, and exposure to physical/chemical agents and surgical interventions. The postoperative phase of hydrocephalus requires continuous monitoring, early detection of complications, and aseptic practices, highlighting the essential role of nursing in achieving comprehensive and effective management, thus improving patient outcomes and their quality of life. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus require comprehensive multidisciplinary support, with nursing playing a crucial role. However, the need for continuous training and management of specific protocols for pediatric patients with hydrocephalus is highlighted, underlining the importance of strengthening nurses' professional skills. Keywords: Pediatrics, Hydrocephalus, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Nursing Care.
