Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en esteatosis hepática en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Alvarado Lozano, Daniel Alexis; Cango Juela, Luis Fernando; Toalongo Salto, Janeth Esperanza; 0706098787; 1900735505Introduction: Hepatic steatosis is a disease characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, leading to a decrease in its function and resulting in several health complications in humans. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Nursing Interventions in Hepatic Steatosis in Latin America." Methodology: A literature review study was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO. Results: Based on the articles analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Latin America is high, particularly in countries such as Bolivia (63.9%) and Mexico (52.21%), where health and economic conditions are precarious, among the associated factors are diabetes mellitus, overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and the overuse of paracetamol. Fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma were found to be the main complications. As for the therapeutic approach, diet and exercise are used, and pharmacological treatment includes vitamin E and pioglitazone; in a particular case of a pregnant patient, 5% dextrose, plasmapheresis, and vitamin K were administered. Finally, nursing interventions include communicating with the patient and family about the disease, treatments, and implementing dietary education programs. Conclusions: In the case of hepatic steatosis, nursing intervention is crucial in prevention and treatment according to the individual's condition, indicating the significance of their knowledge. Keywords: Therapeutic approach, hepatic steatosis, associated factors, nursing intervention, prevalence, Latin America.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSíndrome antifosfolipídico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) González Tene, Lourdes Aurora; Tinizaray Carrión , Angela Melisa; Siguenza Pacheco , Marco Antonio; 1900832948; 1950001527Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes syndrome, was first described in 1983. This disorder is characterized by mistakenly attacking normal blood proteins, causing hypercoagulability, and contributing to the formation of blood clots in veins, arteries, and organs. There are two types of APS: Primary APS (PAPS) and Secondary APS (SAPS), which is understood as secondary when it is accompanied by other diseases that affect the immune system, as in the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome; it is referred as primary when it occurs without any visible cause. In addition, in specific cases, it is called catastrophic APS, which generates a multiorgan failure and can cause the death of those who suffer from it. Its worldwide prevalence is estimated at 1 to 5%, which represents 40 to 50 cases per 100,000 individuals of the world population. This syndrome affects more females than males, and in pregnant women, there is a higher risk of miscarriages and stillbirths. The most commonly used treatment for this syndrome is anticoagulants; in the case of pregnant women, heparin and low-dose aspirin have been used. The factors for diagnosis include age and gender, and, in the case of a woman, to verify that the patient is not pregnant.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en gestantes con consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Machado Morocho, Carlos Antonio; Plaza Criollo, Ruth Isabel; Quito Peralta, Jenniffer Nataly; 0706511199; 0105207690Introduction: Nursing interventions in pregnant women exposed to psychoactive substances in Latin America, stands as a critical challenge. This phenomenon, marked by the coexistence of pregnancy and substance use, poses significant health challenges. Research questions: To identify the prevalence, associated factors, complications, therapeutic approach, and nursing interventions in pregnant women who use psychoactive substances in Latin America. Methodology: This research is framed as a literature review due to the nature of the type of research. The bibliographic sources published between 2019 and 2023 were consulted in specialized health databases, including Scopus, Dianlet, PubMed, Readilat, ResearchGate, SciELO, and Science Direct through search techniques. Results: The prevalence of psychoactive substance use has a mean of 32.1%, in which alcohol is considered the most common. Factors associated with drug use highlight the significant influence of a disadvantaged socioeconomic environment. The complications during pregnancy are prenatal exposure and neurological problems, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is required, through the combination of individualized counselling, detoxification programs, and opioid replacement therapy. Nursing interventions during pregnancy focus on different aspects, such as education about hazards, emotional support, early identification of hazards, and promotion of healthy habits. Conclusion: Nursing intervention is key to addressing this issue, where the variability in prevalence rates reflects the diversity of influential factors. Nurses play an essential role in providing comprehensive care to pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnant women, illicit drugs, substance-related disorders, nursing care, prevalence, Health Sciences descriptors.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en cáncer de tiroides(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Lasso Idrovo, Fernando Sebastian; Brito Chiriboga, Juan Carlos; Puente Arroyo, Anita del Carmen; 0105187520; 0106860588Introduction: Thyroid cancer is characterized by increasing mortality rates in recent years, with a higher incidence among females. Major risk factors include obesity, and genetic and socioeconomic factors stand out. Critical post-surgical complications can occur in elderly patients. Drug and surgical procedures can improve a patient's quality of life during treatment. Nursing interventions are essential for the patient's well-being, which the lack of protocols in thyroid cancer patient care may compromise. Research questions: To identify the prevalence, risk factors, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions in thyroid cancer patients globally. Methodology: This research is framed as a literature review; due to the type of research, the bibliographic sources consulted include specialized health databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. Results and Discussion: Thyroid cancer is an increasing pathological condition due to its multifactorial nature. Early detection and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches determine the prognosis, as well as the occurrence of complications that could negatively impact the course of the disease. Conclusions: Nursing interventions play a crucial role in favorable outcomes; it can be affirmed that implementing strategies within the nursing role, such as education, is crucial. Keywords: Gland, Thyroid, cancer, nursing, global
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDislipidemias en adultos a nivel de América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pacho Nunink , Karen Elizabeth; Peñaloza Pazato, Pablo Ismael; Siguenza Pacheco, Marco Antonio; 0106755952; 0105816862Introduction: Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal concentrations of lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, which can be found in the blood. Risk factors cause this pathology; the most important are poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, fatty foods, and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions for patients with dyslipidemia in Latin America. Methodology: A descriptive review of articles published within the last five years was conducted using data obtained through the search engines Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, ProQuest, and PubMed. In addition, a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators was applied, which allowed the inclusion of 50 articles. Results: In Latin America, dyslipidemias have a very high prevalence; an accurate diagnosis should be confirmed with laboratory tests; the values should be cholesterol -200 mg/dl and triglycerides -150 mg/dl. An early diagnosis of dyslipidemia prevents complications and avoids chronic diseases such as stroke and arterial hypertension. The consequences in adults are usually more severe, as they can lead to cardiovascular diseases, which, in the worst case, can lead to death. Conclusion: Suffering from dyslipidemia entails many dangers since they do not usually disappear on their own; for this reason, prevalence levels are often very high. Regardless of the patient’s pharmacological treatment, it is essential to be strictly careful to cope and balance a healthy lifestyle before or after developing the disease.
