Trabajos de Titulación - Enfermería
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en gestantes con consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Machado Morocho, Carlos Antonio; Plaza Criollo, Ruth Isabel; Quito Peralta, Jenniffer Nataly; 0706511199; 0105207690Introduction: Nursing interventions in pregnant women exposed to psychoactive substances in Latin America, stands as a critical challenge. This phenomenon, marked by the coexistence of pregnancy and substance use, poses significant health challenges. Research questions: To identify the prevalence, associated factors, complications, therapeutic approach, and nursing interventions in pregnant women who use psychoactive substances in Latin America. Methodology: This research is framed as a literature review due to the nature of the type of research. The bibliographic sources published between 2019 and 2023 were consulted in specialized health databases, including Scopus, Dianlet, PubMed, Readilat, ResearchGate, SciELO, and Science Direct through search techniques. Results: The prevalence of psychoactive substance use has a mean of 32.1%, in which alcohol is considered the most common. Factors associated with drug use highlight the significant influence of a disadvantaged socioeconomic environment. The complications during pregnancy are prenatal exposure and neurological problems, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is required, through the combination of individualized counselling, detoxification programs, and opioid replacement therapy. Nursing interventions during pregnancy focus on different aspects, such as education about hazards, emotional support, early identification of hazards, and promotion of healthy habits. Conclusion: Nursing intervention is key to addressing this issue, where the variability in prevalence rates reflects the diversity of influential factors. Nurses play an essential role in providing comprehensive care to pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnant women, illicit drugs, substance-related disorders, nursing care, prevalence, Health Sciences descriptors.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en cáncer de tiroides(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Lasso Idrovo, Fernando Sebastian; Brito Chiriboga, Juan Carlos; Puente Arroyo, Anita del Carmen; 0105187520; 0106860588Introduction: Thyroid cancer is characterized by increasing mortality rates in recent years, with a higher incidence among females. Major risk factors include obesity, and genetic and socioeconomic factors stand out. Critical post-surgical complications can occur in elderly patients. Drug and surgical procedures can improve a patient's quality of life during treatment. Nursing interventions are essential for the patient's well-being, which the lack of protocols in thyroid cancer patient care may compromise. Research questions: To identify the prevalence, risk factors, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions in thyroid cancer patients globally. Methodology: This research is framed as a literature review; due to the type of research, the bibliographic sources consulted include specialized health databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. Results and Discussion: Thyroid cancer is an increasing pathological condition due to its multifactorial nature. Early detection and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches determine the prognosis, as well as the occurrence of complications that could negatively impact the course of the disease. Conclusions: Nursing interventions play a crucial role in favorable outcomes; it can be affirmed that implementing strategies within the nursing role, such as education, is crucial. Keywords: Gland, Thyroid, cancer, nursing, global
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDislipidemias en adultos a nivel de América Latina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Pacho Nunink , Karen Elizabeth; Peñaloza Pazato, Pablo Ismael; Siguenza Pacheco, Marco Antonio; 0106755952; 0105816862Introduction: Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal concentrations of lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, which can be found in the blood. Risk factors cause this pathology; the most important are poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, fatty foods, and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions for patients with dyslipidemia in Latin America. Methodology: A descriptive review of articles published within the last five years was conducted using data obtained through the search engines Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, ProQuest, and PubMed. In addition, a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators was applied, which allowed the inclusion of 50 articles. Results: In Latin America, dyslipidemias have a very high prevalence; an accurate diagnosis should be confirmed with laboratory tests; the values should be cholesterol -200 mg/dl and triglycerides -150 mg/dl. An early diagnosis of dyslipidemia prevents complications and avoids chronic diseases such as stroke and arterial hypertension. The consequences in adults are usually more severe, as they can lead to cardiovascular diseases, which, in the worst case, can lead to death. Conclusion: Suffering from dyslipidemia entails many dangers since they do not usually disappear on their own; for this reason, prevalence levels are often very high. Regardless of the patient’s pharmacological treatment, it is essential to be strictly careful to cope and balance a healthy lifestyle before or after developing the disease.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIntervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con placenta previa a nivel mundial(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Unda Cando, Jessica Paola; Cedillo Figueroa, Carlos Alberto; Puma Quito, Rodrigo Salvador; 0106057847; 0106624265Placenta previa represents a significant risk of bleeding before or after childbirth, which can result in increased rates of complications and fatalities in pregnant women and newborns. Objective: To analyze, through a literature review, the worldwide prevalence of placenta previa. Methodology: Multiple databases and search equations were used in English and Spanish to analyze 1,038 articles. Of these, a comprehensive evaluation of 400 articles was conducted. Through a screening process, 150 papers relevant to the research were identified. Sixty-three documents met the selection criteria, including 64 scientific articles and one statistical report from the National Statistics and Census Institute (INEC by its Spanish acronym). Results: The research reveals a range of placenta previa rates worldwide, varying from 2.3% to 12.2%; these rates may fluctuate depending on factors including ethnic origin and obstetric conditions; risk factors like advanced maternal age and specific surgical procedures are highlighted. Severe complications, such as bleeding during childbirth, are frequently encountered. Exploring the potential of conventional treatments and less invasive drugs, such as, corticosteroids and tranexamic acid, is essential for managing placenta. Conclusion: The crucial role of nurses in educating, providing comprehensive care, and offering emotional support to women affected by placenta previa and their families is emphasized.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSíndrome de Edwards en Latinoamérica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Carrion Casa, Jessica Paola; Guzhñay Aucapiña, Cristopher Fernando; Carchi Flores, Erika Michelle; 0106288707; 0105550073Introduction: Edwards syndrome, or trisomy 18, is a rare genetic condition when an extra copy of chromosome 18 is present in particular or all cells in the body. Objective: To conduct a literature review on Edwards syndrome in Latin America. Methodology: For this task, a systematic review was developed in reliable digital repositories such as Dialnet, Medline, Medigraphic, PubMed, ProQuest, Redalyc, Scopus, and SciELO. Results: Trisomy 18 results from errors in cell segmentation during the creation of sperm or eggs; this type of congenital condition occurs in 1 in every 7,000 live births. The risk of giving birth to a child with trisomy 18 increases as the mother's age advances (over 45). People with this condition usually have severe disabilities and multiple anomalies that affect various body systems. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, where nursing staff focus on providing palliative and supportive care; it varies according to the needs of each individual and is usually focused on making the last days of life pleasant or less painful. Conclusions: Trisomy 18 is a complex genetic condition with significant implications for health and development. Although the prognosis is generally reserved, advances in healthcare and support for families contribute to maintaining the stable and harmonious lifestyle of individuals with this condition.
