Trabajos de Titulación - Medicina
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEficacia y seguridad del Pegbelfermin y del Aldafermin, análogos del factor del crecimiento de fibroblastos (FGF) 21 y 19, en comparación con el placebo para el tratamiento de pacientes adultos con esteatohepatitis no alcohólica: revisión sistemática de la literatura(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Zalamea Pulgarín, Gabriel Armando; Muñoz Cobos, Silvia Carolina; Prieto Fuenmayor, Carem Francelys; 0105882476; 0104760145The objective of this study is to identify the efficacy and safety of Pegbelfermin and Aldafermin, FGF 21 and 19 analogues respectively, compared to placebo for the treatment of adult patients with NASH. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical, controlled, field, intervention community trials and original articles, conducted in adults between 18 and 75 years of age, compared with placebo and with a diagnosis of NASH confirmed by imaging or biopsy; The exclusion criteria were: investigations in pregnant patients, animal models, that are compared with another drug, patients with poorly controlled pathologies and who consume drugs or alcohol. The data search was carried out in: PubMed, SCOPUS, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science and Scielo, until 03/11/2022. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 tool for RCTs. The data was presented according to the variables using tables. In total, 7 RCTs were selected with a sample of n=878. Among the limitations are: those of eligible studies and a small sample with the losses that generate bias, the heterogeneity between the different selected studies, as well as the limitation to assess the efficacy of the results. In conclusion, Pegbelfermin and Aldafermin turned out to be effective in imaging tests, however, the ideal evaluation method is biopsy; In the same way, both drugs proved to be safe and well tolerated, although more time is required to establish more precise results, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the results. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO
- ÍtemEmbargoTécnicas de ablación como tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Muñoz Arteaga, Maria Valentina; Bojorque Bojorque, Luz María; 1316382371Background: The most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide is breast cancer. There are new minimally invasive therapeutic alternatives thanks to technological innovations, such as cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, which have given good results. General objective: Describe ablation techniques as treatment in patients with breast cancer. Methodology: A non-experimental narrative study was carried out, with a bibliographic review. Articles in English and Spanish from the last five years were used. Results: The ablation techniques were described; in what type of patients, they were used and what was the efficacy of the ablation techniques as a treatment in patients with breast cancer in a clearer way and with more updated bibliography. Conclusions: Ablation techniques have a high efficacy as a treatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer, especially in young women and women of childbearing age. These goodresults were better observed in tumors less than or equal to 2 cm, in tumors greater than 2 cm the results take time to appear.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoInteracción de factores genéticos y ambientales en el metabolismo del ácido fólico y la patogénesis del defectos del tubo neural(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Morocho Valdez, Milton Alexander; Pozo Palacios, Juan Carlos; 0301947461Neural tube defects (NTD) are considered the most frequent and common congenital malformations in humans that affect the development of the central nervous system; the most common types of these birth defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. One of the preventive measures of DNT is the consumption of folic acid; however adequate intake of this essential vitamin does not prevent 100% of cases due to gene- environment interaction; that is, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The synergy between these factors will allow the development of these malformations, regardless of folic acid consumption, due to the alteration that occurs in the metabolism of folic acid, in which various polymorphisms and little-known genetic variants are involved. In addition, maternal metabolic conditions allow for a detrimental gene- environment interaction for the fetus, which increases the risk of developing these birth defects. The preventive effect of folic acid varies according to the gene-environment interaction to which the fetus is exposed. The risk of DNTs depends on the synergy between the polymorphisms or genetic variants and the environmental exposure of the pregnant woman to different chemical or physical agents. Therefore, the development of methods is required to differentiate more clearly the susceptibility factors that contribute to the etiology of DNTs induced by the synergy between genetic and environmental factors
- ÍtemEmbargoEl consumo de cannabis como precursor de la psicosis: su relación con la esquizofrenia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mora Vera, Roberto Carlos; Solózano Bernita, Rosa; 1400877096Introduction: schizophrenia is a chronic mental pathology that affects about 24 million people in the world, within this disease it is common to find the consumption of psychoactive substances by patients in which cannabis tops this list, this drug has particular relationships with schizophrenia through the effect of the plant’s own cannabinoids. Objective: to determine the relationship between cannabis consumption and schizophrenia. Methodology: a narrative literature review was carried out; for the search of information, Scopus and PubMed databases were used with MESH/DECS descriptors using keywords, taking into account articles since 2014, in English and Spanish and with inclusion and exclusion criteria of the articles to be analyzed. Results: in a study conducted in London where we evaluated how cannabis use could trigger a psychotic episode in vulnerable individuals, we found that the transition to psychosis occurred among those who started using cannabis before the age of 15 years and continued with frequent use. Despite this, in the overall sample cannabis users were no more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used Conclusion: cannabis use is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of psychosis, as it acts as a component cause for the development of a psychotic event within the schizophrenia spectrum
- ÍtemEmbargoUtilidad del biomarcador presepsina en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de sepsis y shock séptico(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mora Culcay, Edgar Vinicio; Flores Montesinos, Carlos Enrique; 0107642027Objective: To determine the usefulness of the presepsin biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis and septic shock. Methodology: The type of study that will be carried out is a bibliographic review, which will be made up of articles in English and Spanish that contain relevant information for the review, the selection of articles will be through the databases: Pubmed, Sciendirect, Scopus , Taylor & Francis and Web of Science; the search will be carried out with the terms of the Medical Subject Headings (MesH) of the National Library of Medicine and descriptors in health sciences (DeCS) of Bireme; For the choice of studies, inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied, the most important being that they are within the period 2018- 2022. Results: It was concluded that presepsin can be used as a biomarker capable of early diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock, because serum values are higher depending on the severity of the condition, additionally it is important to note that with respect to the Sensitivities and specificities ROC curves were found between 0.688-1 in adults, and 0.887-099 in adults. Conclusion: Presepsin is very useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with sepsis and septic shock, because its serum values allowed differentiating between sepsis and septic shock, it is also important to highlight its prognostic value where it was possible to correlate that at higher levels of presepsin, the percentage of non-survivors is higher, while lower presepsin values were related to better survival.
