Trabajos de Titulación - Medicina

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  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Impacto de la cirugía bariatrica en la función sexual en pacientes con obesidad
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Bermeo González, Daniel Eduardo; Ormaza Ulloa, Luis Miguel; 0107294936
    According to figures released by the World Health Organization, severe and morbid obesity is increasing worldwide. The effects of this disease on various aspects, such as sexuality, have been analyzed; however, this literature review aims to demonstrate the improvement in sexual function in those suffering from obesity through the implementation of a descriptive documentary analysis which will identify the impact of bariatric surgery on the sexual function of people with this disease. The keywords "obesity," "bariatric surgery," and "sexual function" were employed for the search and compilation strategies of scientific material. The databases and scientific repositories Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed were used for the exhaustive search for articles containing the desired reliability and validity. The results indicated a considerable improvement in overall sexual satisfaction in men and women, as well as an improvement in their quality of life and life satisfaction. Further research is recommended, with longitudinal studies showing long-term improvement in this function and psychological follow-ups that provide adaptation tools for the anticipated changes from the surgical intervention.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Repercusiones en la salud, por consumo de agua contaminada de microplásticos
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Ochoa Rosero, Daniel Alejandro; Gallegos Merchán, Juan Diego; 0106433964
    Introduction: This research addresses the growing problem of public health and environmental issues caused by the consumption of water contaminated with microplastics, focusing on its repercussions on human health. Objective: To identify the health repercussions generated by the consumption of microplastics. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted, selecting studies from the last five years from indexed databases, using specific eligibility criteria and relevant keywords to synthesize qualitative and quantitative data. Results: The analyzed studies reveal various adverse effects of microplastics on health, including cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, and reproductive risks, as well as the influence of microplastic pollution on different ecosystems and populations. Conclusions: The research concludes that microplastics represent a severe threat to public health, highlighting the need for legislative, educational, and research actions to mitigate their effects on human health and the environment.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Revisión bibliográfica: neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en niños menores de cinco años
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Campoverde Avila, Luis Andres; Herrera Jaramillo, María Isabel; 0105956577
    Respiratory diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with pneumonia being the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age. Certain risk factors have been identified among them, which may lead to the child suffering from this disease, including inadequate breastfeeding during the first six months, overcrowding, tobacco smoke, and incomplete immunization. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical, paraclinical, and imaging findings. Objective: To conduct a narrative literature review on the risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children under five. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out, searching scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, and SciELO, using the following keywords: "Community-Acquired Pneumonia," "Pediatrics," "Risk Factors," and "Diagnostic Methods." Conclusions: This disease primarily affects children with particularly significant respiratory symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the risk factors to implement measures to reduce the number of cases.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Dolor agudo postoperatorio con clonixinato de lisina versus sulfato de magnesio
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Coello Correa, Santiago Javier; Carrera Reyes, Rosa Eulalia; 0302655211
    Introduction: Acute postoperative pain occurs after a surgical intervention, which may or may not be planned depending on comorbidities and possible complications during the intraoperative period or a combination of both. These widespread pains are estimated to be present in at least four out of every five patients. They are managed with opioid analgesics. New pharmacological techniques such as magnesium sulfate and lysine clonixinate are being investigated. Objective: To review the management of acute postoperative pain with lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using searches on digital platforms such as Elsevier, Springer Link, and PubMed. Keywords like magnesium sulfate, lysine clonixinate, acute postoperative pain, and Boolean operators AND, OR were employed to optimize results. Results: From an original group of 105 scientific articles, 45 were selected as applicable according to predefined objectives. The pharmacological administration of lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate in managing acute postoperative pain was effective and safe. The frequent complications presented by magnesium sulfate were bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory paralysis, delayed recovery, and abnormal vision; when lysine clonixinate was administrated gastritis and platelet anti-aggregation occurred. Conclusions: The pharmacological administration of lysine clonixinate and magnesium sulfate in managing acute postoperative pain was effective and safe, providing postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability, reduced opioid consumption, and lower rescue analgesia, with a low incidence of complications.
  • Ítem
    Acceso Abierto
    Impacto de la colonoscopía en la detección precoz del cáncer colorrectal en población masculina”. Revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Fernández Esquivel, Carlos Manuel; Maldonado Valverde, Andrés Sebastián; 0704694421
    Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among them we have colorectal cancer, with its acronym CRC, which is the second most common cancer in men and the third in women. Detection and surveillance by endoscopic processes have been implemented because men have a higher risk and higher rates of adenomas, advanced adenomas and CRC compared to women. Colonoscopy is the preferred method because it can detect preneoplastic lesions and eliminate them. Objective: To describe the impact of colonoscopy for the early detection of colorectal cancer in the male population. Method: Narrative literature review. Results: About half of the population with neoplasms or CRC detected are men with a mean age of 50.9 years; localized adenomas are found in the distal colon in more than 50% of patients. A healthy lifestyle and recurrent controls have been associated with longer and recurrence-free survival. Among the most commonly used clinical methods to detect this neoplasm are white light colonoscopy, high definition virtual chromoendoscopy, standard colonoscopy and AI-assisted colonoscopy, these methods that allow early detection of CRC, manage to decrease the mortality rate. Conclusions: Medical findings have shown that colonoscopy reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer significantly, making it currently the preferred method for detecting adenomas and CRC.