Trabajos de Titulación - Ingeniería Psicología Clínica
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEfectos del maltrato infantil en el desempeño académico de niños y niñas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Alvarado Armijos , Erika; Torres Moscoso, Amanda; 1104829070Child abuse is a worldwide mental health problem, characterized by intentional harm or mistreatment of a child under 18 years of age, bringing with it consequences, which currently affect society and mainly the area of academic performance of this population. Therefore, the attribution of studies regarding this problem is of utmost importance. This research aimed to analyze the effects of child abuse on the academic performance of boys and girls. Articles available in different databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc, SciELO, and PubMed were considered, using the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT for the search, and keywords in Spanish such as child abuse, effects, and academic performance. Subsequently, the articles were selected according to the research objective, excluding those that did not contain relevant information. Through the analysis of these articles, it was concluded that girls are more likely than boys to receive child abuse, which has an impact on the correct learning process of a minor, especially on academic performance. Additionally, it presents consequences, such as the presence of disorders (post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, substance use, difficulty concentrating, presence of dissocial behaviors, and hostility, among others). These consequences can be seen in more than 50% of boys and girls who are victims of mistreatment either in their homes or schools.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSalud mental en personas víctimas de violencia de género. Un análisis bibliográfico.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Fernández Guillén , Camila; Mazón Avila, Juan; 0750062960Introduction: The mental health of victims of gender violence is one of the most significant problems, especially in the female population. Those who are victims of gender violence face a variety of psychological and emotional impacts as a result of these episodes. Objective: To identify the relationship between mental health in victims of gender violence. Methodology: A descriptive approach was used, and the search strategy was based on various bibliographic sources of scientific research, including Web of Science, PubMed, and SCOPUS. This approach was carried out using a careful selection of keywords in both Spanish and English. Results: Gender violence directly affects the psychological and emotional state of people who suffer such violence, increasing significantly in physical, psychological, and sexual aspects, becoming a major mental health problem of people subjected to this mistreatment that in society is increasing at an alarming rate, the affected population tends to suffer symptoms that harm their mental health, affecting anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Conclusion: It is important to mention that the most significant types of violence in this study were physical, psychological, and sexual violence, highlighting how intimate partner violence negatively affects women’s mental health, increasing the possibility of suffering disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, suicide attempts, and drug abuse.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAdicción a los videojuegos en adolescentes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Yánez Fernandéz , Cristian; Padilla Samaniego, María; 0302543970Introduction. Excessive video game use in adolescents has become an addictive behavior that triggers a significant impact on their well-being and quality of life. Objective. To determine video game addiction in adolescents. Methodology. A quality descriptive literature review was conducted, employing Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet databases, including descriptive, experimental, meta-analysis, observational narrative, cross-sectional, and systemic review studies, and also undergraduate and postgraduate theses were analyzed —only those referring to video game addiction in adolescent population—. Results. According to the chosen and evaluated studies, it was found that the lack of affection and communication with parents and personality traits, such as neuroticism, increase the risk of addiction to video games, having a considerable effect on both health psychological and physical health. Conclusion. Video game addiction in adolescents is closely related to the excessive use of technological devices and, in particular, video games. From an early age, people begin to use these devices, contributing to video game dependence becoming a prevalent problem during adolescence. It has been identified that the population most susceptible to this addiction are men aged between 11 and 18 years old.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoRelación entre el abuso sexual en la infancia y adolescencia y trastornos psicológicos: Una revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Armijos Mora , Angie; Quezada Rueda , Katty; Beltràn Serrano , Gerardo; 0707002010; 1900711274Abstract Introduction: Child and adolescent sexual abuse represents a severe worldwide health problem; the impacts are often broader and more persistent, affecting mental health and promoting the development of psychological disorders, which in turn, cause impairment in the victim's vital spheres. Objective: To understand the relationship between childhood and adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) and the existence of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted; 12 articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases published between 2019 and 2023 were examined, all meeting the selection criteria. Results: Prevalence of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety were identified. Similarly, it was recognized that this type of violence was closely related to the onset and course of psychological illnesses, as well as to implications such as revictimization, family ties, disclosure of their experience, and low self-esteem, generating repercussions in psychological, sexual, social, and physical levels. Conclusion: The existence of a PTSD prevalence, depression, and anxiety was confirmed, adding to the association between being a victim of CASA and a higher likelihood of developing mental illnesses (generally seen as a predisposing factor), which influence the development and mental health of the victims.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoConsecuencias psicológicas del uso excesivo de las redes sociales en niños y jóvenes.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Cárdenas Gutiérrez , Diana; Pozo López, Pablo; 1400727382Background: The development of children and adolescents is characterized by undergoing a biopsychosocial transition. However, the emergence of communication technologies has fostered a new digital interaction, wherein the connection between the application's algorithm and overexposure to the platform generates an addictive pattern in minors, which alters normal development and mitigates short- and long-term harm. Objective: To describe the alterations of the psychological axis in children and adolescents due to addiction to social networks. Methodology: A literature review was conducted based on the virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca in scientific journals such as Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and PubMed. Results: Children suffering from social media addiction experience reduced levels of information retention, concentration, insomnia, and poor academic performance. On the other hand, depressive, anxiety, and eating disorders are triggered among adolescents. Another consequence is linked to an anxious condition known as Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), characterized by an irrational fear of missing digital interactions. Conclusions: Theoretical and empirical findings show a high rate of children and young people engaging with different types of social networks. Although evidence regarding the psychological consequences in these groups is scarce, current results are not encouraging, as algorithms and digital trends increasingly promote adaptation to negative addictive patterns. Therefore, fostering a culture of assertive control with norms and rules within support networks is essential to prevent psychological harm in children and adolescents.
