Conductas adictivas en la infancia y adolescencia: modelos teóricos, evaluación e intervención psicológica

Abstract

Currently, children and adolescents are constantly at risk of developing various types of addictive behaviors; therefore, a literature review was conducted with the aim of identifying the conditions, theories, assessment methods, and intervention strategies related to these populations. This phenomenon requires an analysis of the underlying causes associated with family structure, social environment, and religious practices in order to identify modifiable risk factors. Addictive behaviors among young people are complex and influenced by various theoretical models, including critical pedagogy, self-efficacy theory, and ecological systems theory. Although internet use provides tools for development and socialization, it may also lead to addiction, particularly among individuals seeking to escape from personal problems. Internet addiction and other addictive behaviors are associated with psychosocial difficulties, social isolation, and mental health comorbidities. Prevention and treatment approaches should be multidisciplinary, incorporating psychological interventions, family-based strategies, and physical activities. The development of effective prevention policies and the need for rigorous clinical trials are essential to address these issues during adolescence.