Factores de riesgo asociados a parto prematuro: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm labor is defined as a series of uterine contractions accompanied by cervical changes occurring between 20 weeks and 0 days of gestation and before 37 weeks and 0 days. It constitutes a significant global public health concern and poses a significant risk to maternal and fetal well-being. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risk factors associated with preterm birth through a systematic review of the available scientific literature, thereby contributing to a better of their impact on maternal-fetal health. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted using the academic databases provided by the Catholic University of Cuenca, which includes search platforms such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Springer, and ProQuest. Results: The study identified various risk factors associated with preterm birth; however, the main factors identified included preeclampsia, gestational and presentational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), parity, lack of prenatal care, tobacco use, anemia, low socioeconomic status and educational level urinary tract infections, and a history of preterm birth. Conclusions: The complexity of the risk factors associated with preterm birth was analyzed, ranging from maternal medical conditions to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Keywords: newborn, risk, factors, preterm, premature