Trabajos de Titulación - Derecho
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Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La ejecución de acuerdos de mediación internacional en el Ecuador: procedimiento, controles procesales y eficacia jurídica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Peñaloza Ullaguari, Silvia FabiolaLa investigación analiza la ejecución de acuerdos de mediación internacional en el Ecuador desde una perspectiva normativa, procesal y constitucional; para ello, parte de la tensión existente entre el régimen general de homologación de instrumentos extranjeros previsto en el Código Orgánico General de Procesos y el régimen especial incorporado por la Convención de Singapur sobre Mediación. En este sentido, se sostiene que no existen dos procedimientos ejecutivos autónomos, sino una sola fase de ejecución precedida por dos vías distintas de ingreso del acuerdo extranjero al ordenamiento ecuatoriano. Así, cuando el acuerdo sea comercial, internacional, derive de mediación y se encuentre comprendido en el ámbito material de la Convención, no corresponde exigir una homologación clásica, sino aplicar un control judicial limitado a la verificación de los requisitos documentales del tratado, el derecho de defensa, el orden público y las causales taxativas de negativa. Por el contrario, cuando el acuerdo no esté cubierto por dicho instrumento internacional, opera de manera residual el régimen de homologación previsto en el COGEP. En consecuencia, la validez constitucional del control judicial depende de su intensidad; por tanto, resulta necesaria una armonización legislativa expresa entre la Convención de Singapur, el COGEP y la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación, con el fin de garantizar tutela judicial efectiva, seguridad jurídica y coherencia normativa.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La incidencia de la normativa ecuatoriana sobre pensiones alimenticias en el exterior y los derechos del niño ante la migración parental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Peña Amoroso, Genaro Ismael; Orellana Sarmiento, Karen ElizabethThe present research analyzed the incidence of the Ecuadorian legal system and the applicable international instruments in the collection of child support payments when the obligated parent resides abroad. This issue is relevant in contexts of parental migration, since residing abroad hinders compliance with the support obligation and compromises the comprehensive protection of the rights of children and adolescents. The study was developed with a qualitative approach, with a descriptive, analytical, and explanatory scope, through a documentary review of the constitutional, civil, procedural, and specialized framework for children and adolescents, as well as the main treaties and mechanisms of international cooperation linked to support obligations with a foreign element. The instruments and legal avenues available for the enforceability and execution of the obligation were examined, including international service of process and notification, the use of letters rogatory and official communications, the action of central authorities, and the procedures for recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions abroad. It is concluded that the absence of agile and operational procedures for transnational cases results in a “judgment without enforcement,” weakening effective judicial protection and, likewise, affecting the application of the best interests of the child, with a direct impact on their standard of living and integral development. It is necessary to strengthen interinstitutional coordination and international cooperation mechanisms in order to guarantee the timely collection of child support payments in situations of human mobility.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La vulneración del derecho a la defensa por la inapelabilidad del auto de llamamiento a juicio en el proceso penal: Análisis jurídico en la ciudad de Cuenca, mayo 2024-mayo 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Muñoz Conce, Dayanna Lizbeth; Cajamarca Zumba, Wilmer AntonioThe non-appealability of the Order Committing a Case to Trial established in Ecuadorian criminal law constitutes an issue that warrants examination in light of the constitutional provisions governing criminal proceedings. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the inability to appeal the Order Committing a Case to Trial, as provided for in Article 608 of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code of Ecuador (COIP, by its Spanish acronym), on the right to a defense and the principle of double review within criminal proceedings, through a legal analysis of the orders committing cases to trial issued in the city of Cuenca between May 2024 and May 2025. The methodology used to achieve this objective involved the implementation of a qualitative research approach, through the compilation of legal doctrine, case law, regulations, and the study of orders committing cases to trial. The results of this research indicate that allowing appeals from the Order Committing a Case to Trial is not a measure intended to delay criminal proceedings, but rather a tool designed to strengthen effective judicial protection, optimize the rationality of the system, in order to ensure that access to the trial stage is based on decisions that are duly reasoned, consistent, and subject to review, in accordance with the constitutional principles governing criminal proceedings within the Ecuadorian legal system.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El principio de seguridad jurídica afectado por la ausencia de plazos para la ejecución de la sentencia en el COGEP(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Faican Fernández , Wilson AdriánThis research analyzes the legal issues arising from the absence of temporal parameters in the enforcement phase of judgments within the Organic General Code of Processes (COGEP, by its Spanish acronym). It is based on the premise that enforcement constitutes an essential stage of judicial proceedings, as it materializes the rights recognized in a jurisdictional decision, thereby guaranteeing effective judicial protection. However, the lack of explicit regulations regarding the time limits creates legal uncertainty, particularly for the debtor, who cannot predict when the creditor will initiate enforcement proceedings. The study shows that this regulatory omission directly affects the principle of legal certainty by preventing legal relationships from developing in accordance with the criteria of predictability and stability. Furthermore, a comparison is drawn with legal mechanisms such as statutes of limitation, which do establish specific time limits, highlighting a lack of consistency within the Ecuadorian legal system. This situation also raises the possibility of discretionary actions, undermining due process and the equality of the parties. In this context, it is concluded that legal reform is necessary to incorporate time limits into the enforcement phase to strengthen the efficiency of the judicial system, ensuring the timely enforcement of judgments, and consolidating a model of justice based on legal certainty and regulatory predictability.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Análisis del principio de no intervención de las Naciones Unidas en los asuntos de los Estados: desde el enfoque de Israel y Palestina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Delgado Ordoñez, Anabel Vanessa; Pauta Ocho, Erick DamiánThis study examines how the United Nations’ principle of non-intervention influences the Israel-Palestine conflict. It explores how this principle may hinder the international community’s ability to act in the face of protracted wars and serious human rights violations. It also examines the role of the UN and whether certain acts committed during the conflict can be considered war crimes or crimes against humanity. It has become evident that there is a tension between respecting State sovereignty and protecting the civilian population. For this reason, the study proposes reflecting on the need to adapt the principle of non-intervention to make it more compatible with the protection of fundamental rights in situations of armed conflict. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of strengthening international cooperation, ensuring justice for victims, and promoting peaceful and lasting solutions within the framework of international law, thereby also strengthening international security.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Eficacia de la remediación ambiental como medida reparadora del COIP en delitos ambientales cometidos por personas jurídicas(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Romero Tenesaca , Juan Fernando; Tapia Sarmiento , Micaela NicoleThis research analyzes the effectiveness of environmental remediation measures provided for in the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code (COIP, by its acronym in Spanish) to guarantee the Rights of Nature against environmental crimes committed by corporate entities in Ecuador. It is grounded in the constitutional recognition of nature as a subject of rights under the 2008 Constitution and the obligation to restore ecosystems affected by unlawful conduct. Within this framework, environmental remediation is an essential mechanism for achieving comprehensive reparation and promoting the effective recovery of the natural environment. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates that, despite the existing regulatory development framework, limitations persist that diminish its efficacy. Regulatory gaps regarding the content and scope of remediation are identified, alongside institutional weakness in compliance monitoring, limited coordination among authorities, and a tendency to prioritize traditional sanctions over restorative solutions. These difficulties compound when corporate entities are involved, due to their organizational complexity, financial capacity, and obstacles in determining internal resonsibilities. To address this, legal and operational guidelines are proposed to strengthen the environmental criminal justice response. Key proposals include incorporating mandatory remediation plans into convictions, judicial supervision, specific obligations for corporate entities, technical monitoring, and preventative measures such as environmental compliance programs. In conclusion, environmental remediation currently has limited efficacy; however, through regulatory reforms and adequate oversight mechanisms, it can be consolidated as an effective tool to guarantee the rights of nature and comprehensively address corporate environmental crime in Ecuador. Furthermore, it provides useful criteria for future legal reforms and specialized judicial decisions.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Ventajas de la mediación frente a la justicia ordinaria en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Pesántez Zambrano, Juan Esteban; Fuentes Loja, Anthony IsmaelThis research aims to analyze the advantages of mediation as a highly effective alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism, highlighting the intangible elements that, in turn, are understood to be factors that benefit it and distinguish it from the traditional judicial system. In this context, the characteristics, principles, and current regulations on the subject will be analyzed, with special emphasis on the intangible factor, since relying solely on the legal framework does not allow for an objective perspective. This often leads to disputes that could be resolved through ADR mechanisms but instead end up congesting the judicial system, resulting in prolonged waiting periods and unnecessary costs. In particular, the importance of these subjective elements is analyzed in depth, as they directly affect the quality, efficacy, and outcomes of the mediation process. Comparative law will be used to identify differences and to contextualize how various countries approach this mechanism, concluding that mediation represents an efficient, accessible alternative with clear advantages over the Ecuadorian ordinary justice system.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Necesidad de tipificar la profanación de tumbas: análisis comparado entre Ecuador y España(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Rojas Gutiérrez, Anthony Fernando; León Saritama, Priscila LisbethThis research analyzes the need to criminalize the desecration of graves in the Ecuadorian legal system through a comparative study with Spanish criminal legislation. It is based on the premise that death does not completely extinguish the legal relevance of the human being, since the corpse, human remains, and burial spaces remain linked to values such as post-mortem human dignity, the memory of the deceased, and the right of their relatives to mourn. In this context, the objective is to determine how the absence of an express criminal classification in Ecuador affects the protection of these legal interests. Based on the analysis carried out, it is evident that the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code does not provide for an autonomous criminal offense for the desecration of graves, unlike the Spanish legal system, which does establish a specific regulation for such conduct. This omission generates a regulatory gap that limits the criminal response to acts that violate the respect owed to the dead and to funerary spaces, forcing reliance on indirect legal mechanisms that prove insufficient. In conclusion, the lack of express criminal classification in Ecuador results in deficient protection of post-mortem human dignity and the rights of relatives, which justifies the need to incorporate a specific criminal regulation that guarantees comprehensive protection.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La vulneración del principio de proporcionalidad en medidas cautelares coactivas en el Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Zhiminaicela Loja, Silvia ValeriaThis research analyzed the violation of the principle of proportionality in the application of precautionary measures within coercive enforcement proceedings in Ecuador, based on a review of the foundations of Administrative Law that constitute the legal framework governing state action. This study identified that, although the Organic Administrative Code regulates these measures in such a way that their adoption does not imply the violation of the rights of debtors, in practice, serious shortcomings are evident, since there is a tendency for enforcement bodies to apply measures automatically and simultaneously, a situation that leads to distortion of this legal figure. The manner in which the improper application of these measures affected fundamental rights such as property, legal certainty, and due process for debtors was examined, as well as the way in which such harmful effects may extend and impact the family unit of those subject to coercive proceedings. It was concluded that it is necessary to incorporate the proportionality test as a mandatory requirement for the adoption of precautionary measures, and to promote a rights-based interpretation of the current regulatory framework to ensure the effective respect for the constitutional rights of citizens subject to administrative action.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Pirámide de corrupción referente contratación pública en hospitales “Ceibos” y “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” época pandemia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Parra Uyaguari , Camila AnahíThe research conducted is based on the legal problem of analyzing emergency public procurement carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Los Ceibos General Hospital of Northern Guayaquil and the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital, stemming from the legal issue derived from the tension between the need to execute immediate contractual processes, the need to efficiently confront the health crisis, and the State’s obligation to respect the principles of legality, transparency, publicity, efficiency, and accountability established in the National Public Procurement System. For these reasons, the general objective of this work was to identify acts of corruption committed in emergency public procurement processes and determine their impact on hospital management and the administration of public resources. Likewise, regarding the methodology used to achieve this purpose, a qualitative approach was adopted, which is duly supported by a bibliographic, normative, doctrinal, and documentary review, through the analysis of legislation, official reports, and legal doctrine related to public procurement and state responsibility. Finally, the results of the research demonstrated that the procedural flexibility inherent in the emergency regime facilitated scenarios of administrative discretion, weakening of controls, and possible acts of corruption linked to overpricing, contract steering, and deficient verification of suppliers, generating economic damage, institutional impacts, and loss of public trust in the public health system.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Motivación de la prohibición de salida del país en procesos de alimentos: Estudio sobre las resoluciones judiciales en Cuenca, 2025(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Jara Molineros , Fabián Arturo; Ortiz Abad, María EmiliaThe present research studied the justification of the prohibition of leaving the country in child support proceedings, based on the analysis of judicial resolutions issued by the Judicial Unit for Family, Women, Children, and Adolescents of the canton of Cuenca during the period January–September 2025. The study was based on the premise that this measure, although aimed at guaranteeing compliance with child support obligations and the protection of the best interests of the child or adolescent, directly restricted the freedom of movement of the support obligor; therefore, it could not be ordered, denied, or omitted through generic formulas or decisions lacking justification. The research adopted a mixed approach with a predominance of quantitative methods and a descriptive-analytical scope. Through systematic documentary review, variable coding, and legal-empirical triangulation, a main unit of 73 court orders was examined, complemented by 22 subsequent decisions in child support liquidation proceedings. The results demonstrated marked judicial heterogeneity: only 28.8% of the court orders contained sufficient reasoning, while 71.2% presented deficiencies in reasoning, distributed between absence of justification and inconsistency with the law. These findings confirmed that the problem did not lie in the existence of the prohibition on leaving the country as a mechanism of child support coercion, but in its judicial application without reinforced, individualized, and proportional justification. It was concluded that the requirement of justification constituted an indispensable guarantee to avoid arbitrary restrictions on rights and to ensure decisions compatible with due process, effective judicial protection, and legal certainty.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural frente a la garantía de los derechos de las personas neurodivergentes en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Castro Montalvo, Cristian AndrésThis study analyzes the legal and structural deficiencies of the Organic Law on Intercultural Education (LOEI, by its Spanish acronym) regarding the protection of the rights of neurodivergent individuals in Ecuador. Throughout the study, it becomes evident that although the Ecuadorian legal framework recognizes the right to inclusive education through the Constitution, the LOEI, and other national and international instruments, multiple barriers still hinder its effective implementation within the education system. The study also demonstrates that educational inclusion often remains merely theoretical due to insufficient teacher training, lack of resources, institutional weaknesses, and the absence of effective monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. Furthermore, neurodivergent individuals continue to be grouped under general disability categories without specific recognition of their particular needs and learning methods. Likewise, Ecuadorian legislation was compared with international models such as those in Spain, Colombia, Chile, and France, identifying significant progress in these countries regarding inclusive policies and the recognition of neurodivergence. Finally, the research concludes that Ecuador needs to strengthen its public policies, improve teacher training, and develop clearer and more effective legal mechanisms to guarantee a truly inclusive, equitable, and diversity-oriented education for all students.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , El alcance de la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado ecuatoriano en la prestación del servicio público de seguridad ciudadana(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Pasaca Abad, José AlejandroThe present research addresses the limited enforceability of the State’s non-contractual liability in Ecuador regarding damages arising from deficient provision of citizen security services, particularly in contexts involving organized crime. In light of these considerations, the general objective of the study was to analyze the scope of such liability under these circumstances. To achieve this purpose, three specific objectives were established, each corresponding to an individual chapter of the research. Regarding the methodology employed, the study adopted a qualitative approach with an analytical and explanatory nature, supported by documentary review and the application of analytical-synthetic, deductive, and comparative methods. The findings revealed that the scope of State liability within the Ecuadorian legal framework is notably broad at the normative level; however, its enforceability remains highly demanding in evidentiary terms, requiring proof of State action or omission, unlawful harm, and a direct causal nexus.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Inducción de la prueba prenatal de ADN no invasiva en la legislación ecuatoriana(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Vera Carvajal, Viviana ValeriaThis article presents a theoretical analysis of human rights violations against the nasciturus resulting from the lack of regulation of non-invasive prenatal DNA testing in Ecuadorian law. Consequently, this study examines the potential inclusion of this measure in legal proceedings concerning paternity recognition and child support to contribute to safeguarding the child’s right to identity. To this end, the analytical- synthetic method was employed through a literature review, considering that this research is based primarily on information collected from scientific books and journals—both print and electronic—which are essential for establishing a theoretical framework with relevant information on the subject. The study confirms that there are now state-of-the-art non-invasive procedures that, without causing side effects, allow for the analysis of the fetus’s DNA and the determination of paternity with 99.9% accuracy before birth.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Embargo , Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Monsalve Barzallo, Juan JoséProyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Relevancia procesal de los medios alternativos de solución de conflictos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Gonzalez Becerra, Melisa EstefaníaThis study analyzes the procedural relevance of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms within the Ecuadorian legal system. The research arises from the persistent perception of these mechanisms as auxiliary or preliminary instances of judicial proceedings, which limits their recognition as genuine legal procedures. The main objective of this study is to determine whether mediation, arbitration, conciliation, and negotiation may be considered autonomous legal procedures within procedural law. To achieve this purpose, the research adopts a qualitative approach through the application of the dogmatic-legal method, the comparative method, and the normative analysis of the Ecuadorian legal system. The findings demonstrate that these mechanisms possess their own procedural structure, produce binding legal effects, and enable the effective resolution of disputes, thereby confirming the existence of procedural relevance within this modality of the administration of justice recognized by the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador as part of legal pluralism.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Las competencias municipales y la garantía del debido proceso a los ciudadanos en el marco de la descentralización en Cuenca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ojeda García, Jahaira NicollThis study aims to analyze how municipal powers are exercised in the canton of Cuenca and their relationship with due process in administrative actions. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, involving an analysis of the Constitution, a review of administrative sanctioning procedures, interviews with municipal officials and citizens, and the review and analysis of various cases. This methodology facilitated a comprehensive analysis of how decentralized powers are exercised in practice within local government and their impact on the rights of those subject to administrative actions. The study found that although Ecuadorian regulations explicitly and clearly set forth the rights of citizens subject to administrative proceedings, irregularities are evident in practice in most procedures, such as deficiencies in the issuance of notifications, lack of justification for administrative decisions, and delays in the processing of administrative acts. Furthermore, it was found that the lack of specialized training and the absence of updated internal regulations contributed to administrative decisions that undermined legal certainty and public trust. The study made it possible to determine that strengthening municipal governance—through improved administrative procedures and effective respect for due process guarantees—is essential for building a public administration that is more efficient, transparent, and respectful of citizens’ rights.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Análisis de la centralización de competencia penal especializada en Quito sobre el acceso a la justicia y el principio de igualdad procesal(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Sucunota Naula, Rómulo Fernando; Baculima Matute, Elvis FranciscoThe study aims to analyze the issue arising from whether the centralization of specialized criminal jurisdiction in the city of Quito, established by Resolution 190-2021 of the Council of the Judiciary, violates the right of access to justice and the principle of procedural equality for individuals under investigation or prosecution outside the capital of the Republic. To this end, three specific objectives were established, which consisted of identifying the right of access to justice in relation to the principle of procedural equality as a guarantee of the right to defense; examining the aforementioned Resolution, its regulation, and its legal effects; and, finally, contrasting the right of access to justice and the principle of procedural equality in light of the centralization of criminal jurisdiction established in the aforementioned Resolution. The methodology used was qualitative; therefore, the review was normative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential. The results of the study show that the centralization of specialized criminal jurisdiction in the city of Quito negatively affects the right of access to justice and the principle of procedural equality, as it creates disproportionate burdens, material inequalities, and restrictions on the full exercise of the defense.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , La desvalorización del arbitraje en el Ecuador, análisis del reconocimiento constitucional y la eficacia en su aplicación(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Ríos Benavides, Andrés Santiago; Berrezueta Pulgarín , Katherine LissetteArbitration in Ecuador has express constitutional backing under Article 190 of the 2008 Constitution, a systematic legal framework established by the 1997 Arbitration and Mediation Act, and a jurisprudential line from the Constitutional Court aimed at consolidating the principles and guarantees inherent to the arbitration system. However, in practice, the mechanism remains underutilized. Through a legal-doctrinal and comparative approach, this research analyzes the factors that explain the gap between regulatory recognition and the effective application of arbitration in the country. The study identifies that this gap is not due to a single cause, but rather to the interaction of economic, procedural, regulatory, jurisprudential, institutional, and cultural factors. Among the most relevant are: the direct costs of the arbitration process; the geographic concentration of arbitration centers in Quito and Guayaquil; the outdated Arbitration and Mediation Act, which has not undergone comprehensive reform since 1997; the jurisprudential variability in interpreting the grounds for setting aside awards; the use of constitutional guarantees as extra-legal means of to challenging awards; and a legal culture predominantly oriented toward ordinary judicial proceedings. A comparative analysis of Peru and Colombia identifies the factors that have contributed to strengthening arbitration in those systems. The research concludes with four proposals: incorporating arbitration as a mandatory subject in university education, creating arbitration legal clinics, developing institutional outreach campaigns, and establishing a public accreditation system for arbitration centers.Item type: Ítem , Access status: Acceso Abierto , Impacto de la mediación comunitaria como aporte a la seguridad ciudadana del Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2026) Guayacondo Calderón , María LizbethThis research focuses on community mediation to understand how it contributes to strengthening citizen security in Ecuador. The research arises from the idea that many neighborhood, family, and community conflicts, if not addressed in time, can scale and end in acts of violence that affect coexistence within society. Therefore, community mediation is analyzed as a tool aimed at prevention, pacification, and restoration. The research was developed using a qualitative approach, supported by bibliographic and documentary review, and interviews with mediators, lawyers, and police personnel. Among the findings, it was found that community mediation is useful for addressing local and everyday conflicts, such as boundary disputes, noise, small debts, tenancy issues, and family tensions, since it allows for faster responses, lower costs, and better possibilities of restoring social relationships. However, the study also revealed several important limitations, including limited dissemination among citizens, weak institutional coordination, lack of specialized training for mediators, and the scarce territorial presence of mediation centers. Accordingly, the study proposes strengthening its regulation, expanding public awareness efforts, improving training, and better integrating this mechanism with public policies on citizen security.
