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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSensibilidad de Candida albicans ATCC 90028 a desinfectantes utilizados en centros de atención sanitaria(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2020) Naranjo Brito, Alfredo Isaac; Jaramillo Guzmán, Fabio André; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 1900432988; 140661136RESUMEN: Candida albicans es considerado como el hongo más estudiado a nivel de laboratorios, siendo el patógeno humano fúngico más común que causa enfermedades en el ser humano, que van desde la mucosa superficial hasta infecciones sistémicas potencialmente mortales. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la sensibilidad de Candida albicans frente a los desinfectantes y antisépticos: Hipoclorito de sodio, peroximonosulfato de potasio, glutaraldehído, clorhexidina, etanol y yodopovidona. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los metodología aplicada fue un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y cuantitativo, para evaluar la eficacia de los desinfectantes utilizados en el estudio frente a Candida albicans ATCC90028 mediante la medición de halos de inhibición formados en los tiempos establecidos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos fueron, sensibilidad a C. albicans con dos de los seis desinfectantes, Clorhexidina al 2% en todos sus tiempos previstos e Hipoclorito de sodio al 5% mostrando eficacia a los 20 minutos y 1 hora. CONCLUSIÓN: Se comparó la actividad antifúngica que generaron los diferentes cada uno de los antisépticos y desinfectantes; concluyendo que Clorhexidina al 2% en comparación del Hipoclorito de sodio al 5% es el desinfectante que menor resistencia presentó por parte de los microorganismos en la investigación pero presenta actividad prolongada
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCalidad microbiológica del agua potable(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Albarracín Solís, Digna Yadira; Blandin Lituma, Paula Eliana; 030258733-2Introducción: la transmisión de microorganismos patógenos a través del agua y por consiguiente las enfermedades que traen a consecuencia todavía siguen siendo un problema de salud pública; la OMS ha registrado cada año millones de muertes por enfermedades comunes de transmisión por agua y alimentos entre las cuales se encuentra la diarrea que afecta principalmente a la población vulnerable como son los niños menores de 5 años. Objetivo general: con la presente investigación se analiza la literatura existente referente a la calidad microbiológica del agua potable a nivel nacional. Metodología: la presente se trata de una investigación documental de revisión bibliográfica, para la cual se utilizarán los recursos digitales proporcionados por la Universidad Católica de Cuenca y artículos publicados en el periodo de estudio. Resultados: se obtuvo información relevante que permitió hacer un análisis y valoración de la calidad microbiológica del agua potable y en lo que respecta al abastecimiento público aún deficiente a nivel nacional.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPrevención, promoción y control de infecciones intrahospitalarias por SARS-COV2: Departamento de emergencia(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Guamán Mejía, Mayra Priscila; Peña Peña, Jaime Sebastián; 010678595-9Según estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS (2020) la pandemia del COVID–19 ha afectado a todo el mundo. Se trata de una enfermedad generada por el Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo SARS- CoV-2 que ha causado millones de muertes sin medir sexos, edades, etnias u origen social; originado en China y extendido a nivel mundial a finales de 2019 y principios de 2020, actualmente no tiene un tratamiento específico y su neutralización depende principalmente de la prevención que pueda tenerse en cuenta en función de evitar la propagación en el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Analizar los fundamentos teóricos para la prevención y control de infecciones intrahospitalarias por SARS-CoV-2 en departamentos de emergencia. Materiales y métodos: El método de abordaje consistió en la revisión documental y el análisis documental de artículos especializados en la temática, a través de los cuales fue posible recoger aportes significativos e inherentes a las bases teóricas que sustentan la prevención, promoción y control de infecciones generadas por el brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: La investigación permitió identificar las bases teóricas que sustentan la prevención, promoción y control de infecciones generadas por el brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2. Por lo cual, los resultados son un referente teórico frente a la problemática brote mundial del SARS-CoV-2, beneficia al personal de salud: médicos, enfermeros(as), quienes permanecen en el área intrahospitalaria y están expuestos a infecciones. Así como las personas en general que asisten a los centros hospitalarios.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSensibilidad de Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC al amonio cuaternario(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2021) Coronel Chumbi, Lorena Jacqueline; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 010588487-8Introduction: Nosocomial infections are produced due to several factors, among them the resistance of microorganisms against antibiotics and possibly to disinfectants, one of which is the quaternary ammonium. The hospital-acquired infections prolong the hospital stay and the cost of healthcare. Quaternary ammonium is among the most widely used antimicrobials in the disinfection of inanimate objects, such as walls, surfaces, etc. Among the main organisms isolated in the hospital setting are: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa to quaternary ammonium. Materials and methods: The applied methodology was longitudinal, analytical, descriptive and comparative study. Results: The results demonstrated that the strains of Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Pseudomona aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are resistant against first-generation quaternary ammonium concentration at 0,05%, since no inhibition halos were formed with any of these strains. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of the first generation quaternary ammonium at 0,05% was null in the entire study universe, due to the absence of inhibition halos in all time periods and in turn in all repetitions.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoStaphylococcus aureus y su influencia sobre la calidad de la leche bovina(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Soto Yange, Karina Lissbeth; Vélez Zamora, Luis Alfredo; 070648075-3Introduction: Bovine mastitis is one of the main hygiene problems that small and medium producers have in their dairy herds. The hygienic-sanitary condition is very elementary in terms of milk quality, this is a very important parameter in production, providing food safety to consumers and protecting health and welfare. S. aureus is the main agent causing clinical and subclinical mastitis of the mammary gland. Objective: To describe the influence of Staphylococcus aureus on the hygienic-sanitary quality of bovine milk for human consumption. Methodology: The methodology had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive, documentary, and bibliographic research, based on scientific sources and search engines: Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Dialnet, ProQuest, in addition to the use of the library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Results: The presence of mastitis is associated with several risk factors: the environment, lack of good milking practices, lactation, or different infections, which can trigger the development of the disease. The prevalence rate of this disease associated with Staphylococcus aureus is 15.37%. In the dairy industry, milk contamination harms the production processes of pasteurized milk, increases the perishability of the products, decreasing consumer acceptance. Therefore, the most suitable method for milking bovine milk is based mainly on good handling practices.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosDeterminación de factores asociados a la práctica de automedicación en estudiantes del área de salud y población adulta mayor del Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Alejandro Rojas, Dayanna Lisbeth; Calderón Ochoa, María Araceli; Torres Segarra, Silvia Monserrath; 190082307-9; 110548375-2Introduction: Self-medication involves the use of drugs without diagnosis or prescription. Self-medication entails a series of risks, including serious adverse events, drug interactions, intoxications, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it hinders timely medical attention by hiding the clinical picture with self-medication, causing an increase in hospitalizations and saturation of health services. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the factors associated with the practice of self-medication in health students and the elderly population in Ecuador through a literature review to clarify how it affects people's healt Materials and Methods: The methodology used was documentary. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: ScieLO, Redalyc, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Catholic University of Cuenca Library. Results: The factors that motivate the practice of self-medication in students in Ecuador to correspond to; characterizing symptoms as mild, family suggestions, possessing knowledge related to medications, economic factors and time, suggestions in pharmacies, advertising, confidence in medications, and suggestions from non-medical professionals, while in older adults it implies low academic instruction, family suggestions, economic factor, characterizing symptoms as not serious, advertising, lack of time, suggestions in pharmacies, difficulty in obtaining medical appointments and the belief of possessing knowledge regarding medications.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoPresencia de oxitetraciclina en carne bovina en la región litroal del Ecuado(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Soto Yange, Jeleny Michelly; Pacheco Cárdenas, Karla Estefanía; 0705023969-1Introduction: The irrational use of antibiotics causes the increase of multiresistant bacterial strains, considered as a public health problem, affecting not only the clinical part but also in livestock. Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic constantly used in livestock, however, in addition to the resistance to this antibiotic, it is suggested that it causes disorders in ossification and allergies in human beings who consume it. Objective: To analyze the existence of the antibiotic oxytetracycline in bovine meat from the coastal region of Ecuador. Methodology: A documentary review of scientific databases: Scopus, Redalyc, Web of Science, PubMed, and a virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Only the most relevant research published during the period 2000 - 2020 was accepted. Results: The study revealed the lack of depth and scarcity of information on the topic analyzed in the coastal region; however, the presence of oxytetracycline in concentrations that exceed the permitted limits in animal tissues, whose consumption can be associated with the presence of bacterial resistance, is evident.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoHepatotoxicidad inducida por la administración en pacientes diabetes mellitus II(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Escandón Rea, Gabriel Andrés; Peña Peña, Jaime Sebastián; 010614818-2Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type II is one of the diseases that has generated great concern at the health level, it is estimated that internationally affects more than 415 million people, while in Ecuador it has a high prevalence, where 1 in 10 people between 49 to 60 years suffer from it. In this sense, it is of great relevance to choose an adequate treatment when using antibiotics since this can generate unwanted effects such as hepatotoxicity, which can cause liver damage by developing diseases such as hepatic cell necrosis, hepatitis, cholestasis, granuloma, cholestasis, among others (1,2). Objective: To determine antibiotic-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with diabetes mellitus II. Materials and methods: Qualitative, exploratory, retrospective, descriptive, descriptive, cross-sectional cohort research. For the search of information, we used keywords such as hepatotoxicity, types of hepatotoxicity, classification, diabetes mellitus (I and II), antibiotics, and hepatic lesions by drugs. The search was based on recognized search engines such as Medline, PubMed, Science Magazine, ProQuest, ScieLO, Redalyc, Google Scholar, IntraMed. Results: Cases of hepatotoxicity may occur in 1-10 patients per 100,000 prescriptions; these factors may have a higher incidence in people at risk, as is the case of diabetes. Conclusion: For adequate treatment with antibiotics, a correct evaluation of the patient should be carried out considering his characteristics. Few studies correlate antibiotic hepatotoxicity in diabetic patients.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosAislamiento, caracterización e identificación de bacterias pigmentadas que participan en procesos de biodeterioro del Compleo Arqueológico Ingapirca(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Medina Durán, Gina Maritza; Yarzábal Rodríguez, Luis Andréz; 010588243-5Introduction: Among the most frequent alterations of archaeological monuments we can highlight the degradation of the stone material due to its use as a source of nutrients by microorganisms, and the deterioration caused by the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as organic acids. Objective: To identify pigmented bacteria that are part of the communities of microorganisms that contribute to the biodeterioration of the Ingapirca Archaeological Complex. Methodology: Observational study, in which samples obtained from the rock structure of the main monument of the Ingapirca Complex were cultured. Microbiological techniques were used to isolate and characterize these strains, and Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics to identify and classify them. Results: Bacterial isolates with diverse pigmentation, shape, and texture were obtained. Most of the strains are psychrotolerant and can dissolve minerals at low temperatures. The bacterial isolates belong to three phyla, where the most represented were the actinobacteria. Phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains could be established.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoEvaluación in sílico de la capacidad inhibitoria de derivados de antraquinonas sobre las enzimas glutamato racemasa y mevalonato difosfato descarboxilasa enterococcus faecalis(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Cabrera Palomeque, Manuel Rene; Sánchez León, Joyce Lizbeth; Carpio Arévalo, Juan Marcelo; 171861898-4; 070453456-9Enterococcus faecalis is etymologically cataloged as one of the main agents that cause urinary tract infections. Globally, it represents a public health problem since it has widely developed a phenotype of resistance to some of the most commonly used antibiotics. All these issues have created an urgent need to research new therapeutic tools. Anthraquinones are molecules that have shown antibacterial effects and that have not been previously evaluated on two potential therapeutic targets of Enterococcus faecalis, such as the enzymes glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. Objective: To evaluate through in silico assays the inhibitory capacity of anthraquinone derivatives versus glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase enzymes of Enterococcus faecalis. Materials y methods: The methodology applied was an in silico experimental study, evaluating and comparing the binding energies and interactions of 100 selected anthraquinones against glutamate racemase and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase enzymes from Enterococcus faecalis. Results: Ten anthraquinones with the highest levels of affinity for each of the enzymes in this research were identified, and their polar and
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoDesinfectantes y antisépticos utilizados en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2022) Acero Quizhpi, Esther Rosalía; Arteaga Sarmiento, Sandra Denisse; 030293496-3Objective: To evaluate bibliographically the main disinfectants and antiseptics used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: The study applies a documentary type design through bibliographic review in databases of high impact journals such as Scopus, ScieLO, PubMed, Redalyc, Web of Science, Springer, Google Scholar, virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca, in English and Spanish languages, in the years 2016-2021. Results: The main antiseptics and disinfectants used in the COVID-19 pandemic were: alcohols, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine compounds, anionic surfactants, phenols, sodium hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium. The concentrations described for the disinfectants and antiseptics used in pandemic time against SARS CoV-2 are: H2O2 0.5%, benzalkonium chloride (0.05-2%), glutaraldehyde (0.5-2.5%), iodopovidone 10%, sodium hypochlorite (0.5-1%), chlorhexidine 0.5%, alcohol (70-90%), isopropanol 50%. The disinfectants and antiseptics that by in vitro and in vivo studies showed greater effectiveness, managing to reduce the SARS CoV-2 virus to undetectable levels were: chlorine at 1:49 and 1:99 ppm, povidone with iodine 7.5%, ethanol 70%, chloroxylenol 0.05%, benzalkonium chloride 0.1% and chlorhexidine 0.05% with soap solution at a concentration of 1:49, in a time of 15 minutes. The virucidal effect against COVID-19 for nasopharyngeal oral rinses was proved with solutions of 0.23% Iodopovidone and 3% hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it is confirmed that the WHO formulations of ethanol at 85% v/v and glycerin at 0.75% v/v efficiently inactivate SARS-CoV-2.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosIdentificación de Staphylococcus aureus en pescado fresco "Albacora" (thunnus alalunga) en mercados de la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Bermeo Criollo, Erick Fernando; Figueroa Llivipuma, Leonardo Rafael; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 0106677446; 0107258238Introduction Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a species of fish that is used as food mainly because of its nutritional composition. However, being a marine product, it is caught by hand, and due to its commercialization and storage at room temperature, it can be contaminated with harmful microorganisms, especially Staphylococcus aureus. Objective. To determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in Albacore from different markets in Cuenca - Ecuador. Methodology. A descriptive observational study, cross-sectional. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was conducted to obtain 20 samples of Albacore. Results. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus of 79% was determined in the 20 samples collected. Conclusion. Staphylococcus aureus was evidenced in the specimens from Albacore sold in street stalls; this may be due to the lack of hygiene and an inadequate handling procedure.
- ÍtemSolo Metadatos“Determinación de antibióticos en leche cruda bovina en el centro de acopio de la parroquia Ludo, cantón Sígsig”.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Matailo Fernández, Silvia Romelia; Zaruma Guaraca, Jennifer Adriana; Moncada Angulo, Ruth Elizabeth; 0106476088; 0105809677Introduction. Milk is a biological liquid with high nutrient content produced by the mammary glands of cows; it contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, and hormones that benefit the development of children and adults. To ensure its quality, milk must meet specific requirements established in the Ecuadorian Technical Standard - National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases 9 (NTE INEN by its Spanish acronym). These parameters are evaluated through sensory analysis, physicochemical properties, and microbiological tests to ensure their safety and purity before being processed in dairy plants and consumed in various forms and derivatives. Objective. To detect residues of beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides in the cooperative center of Ludo, Ecuador, to establish the quality of raw bovine milk supplied to dairy industries. Methodology. Samples were collected from various suppliers, employing three different routes on random days. Absence or presence of antibiotic residues was determined using the Bioeasy Rapid Test Kit. Results. The analysis of antibiotic residues revealed two positive cases among the 116 collected samples. One case tested positive for beta-lactams, while the other exhibited sulfonamides residues. These substances are used to treat various cattle-related pathologies. Hence, keeping a record of treated animals and complying with milk withdrawal times is crucial. Conclusion. The presence of antibiotic residues in raw bovine milk is concerning due to the adverse effects on human health, including allergies, dysbacteriosis, antimicrobial resistance, and toxicity. It can also lead to the rejection of the product.
- ÍtemSolo Metadatos“Determinación de coliformes fecales en superficies inertes de un centro comercial de la ciudad de cuenca”(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Alvear Vásquez, Bryan Andrés; Mendoza Romero, Heidy Dayanna; Vélez Zamora, Luis Alfredo; 0107408189; 0106104201Introduction: Fecal coliforms are common microorganisms found in the intestinal microbiota. They are generally considered harmless when their quantification falls within permissible parameters. However, enterobacteria are often observed on surfaces with high human traffic, such as shopping malls. The development of such bacterial presence is usually attributed to inadequate aseptic practices and poor personal hygiene. Detecting the presence of enterobacteria serves as an indicator of potential fecal contamination. Objective: This study aims to determine and quantify the presence of fecal coliforms on inert surfaces within a shopping center in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: The study adopts an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. Results: In this study, 166 samples were collected from various inert surfaces within the shopping center. Samples were taken before the establishment's opening and after its closing to capture differing levels of human activity. High-traffic areas such as chairs, tables, railings of electric bleachers, and elevator buttons were targeted. The analysis revealed the presence of fecal coliforms in 74.69% of the samples examined. Conclusion: The findings highlight a significant increase in positive samples for fecal coliforms after the establishment's closing. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a dominant strain identified, is linked to various opportunistic infectious pathologies. The bacterial contamination within the establishment is associated with deficiencies in aseptic practices and personal hygiene.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosDiversidad de levaduras cultivables que colonizan ambientes extremos domésticos en los andes ecuatorianos(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Ortega Arana, Grecia Marcela; Zamora García, María Elissa; 0301785127; 0106649403; Yarzábal Rodriguez, Luis AndrésIntroduction: Within domestic environments, there are habitats that present unfavorable (extreme) conditions for the growth and development of various microorganisms, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Moreover, a group of extremophilic microorganisms is capable of multiplying in these extreme conditions. General Objective: To determine the composition of culturable yeast communities that colonize extreme domestic environments. Methodology: Yeasts were isolated from extreme domestic environments using Sabouraud Dextrose medium. The isolates were characterized morphologically, physiologically, and biochemically. It was also evaluated the expression of different virulence factors. Molecular techniques were used to identify the species to which they belong. Results: One hundred one microbial strains were isolated from five departments. From these, twelve yeasts that express different virulence factors were selected, including the production of hemolysins, proteases, and the ability to penetrate agar-based medium. The strains belong to ten species, with the genus Candida being the most frequent, followed by the genus Rhodotorula. Conclusion: The extreme domestic environments of homes in the city of Cuenca, particularly dishwashers, are colonized by potentially pathogenic yeasts.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosEscherichia coli y coliformes totales en carne molida comercializada en el mercado 12 de abril Cuenca-Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Quizhpi Quito, Kelly Belén; Bravo Crespo, David Israel; 107454704Introduction: Ground beef is a food source due to its protein content. However, mishandling it can lead to the risk of contamination by microorganisms harmful to health, such as Escherichia coli. Objective: To determine the presence of Escherichia coli and total coliforms in ground beef sold in the “12 de Abril” market in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: This research employed an experimental, descriptive, and observational cross-sectional design. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was conducted to collect 120 ground beef samples. Results: Escherichia coli was present in 75% of the 120 samples collected, and total coliforms were detected in 16.67% of the ground beef samples. Conclusion: The presence of Escherichia coli and total coliforms was evidenced in the samples obtained from ground beef sold in the “12 de Abril” market in Cuenca, which may be attributed to the vendor’s lack of hygiene and poor product handling.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosPrevalencia de microorganismos patógenos en alimentos en mercados del Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) García Ramón, Jorge Luis; Macías Matamoros, Andrea Fernanda; 1104669930INTRODUCTION: Food safety profoundly impacts public health. Inadequate sanitary practices by food handlers can significantly contribute to microbial contamination. Numerous studies have assessed the occurrence of harmful microorganisms and other hygiene indicators among market handlers in Ecuador. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in food markets in Ecuador through a comprehensive literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive review was conducted, involving a search for scientific articles in digital databases such as Web of Science, Redalyc, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, UCACUE databases, and digital repositories of universities in Ecuador. RESULTS: The gathered data indicated that the primary types of microorganisms found in Ecuadorian markets include Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli, and other bacteria. It has been documented that E. coli is present in handlers ranging from 15% to 75%, Salmonella from 0.05% to 50% in markets studied in Chone and Latacunga, and Listeria at 52.94% in a market in Guayaquil. CONCLUSION: This review shows the necessity to elevate both hygiene and sanitation standards in Ecuadorian markets to stop the spread of foodborne illnesses. Additionally, training and continuous supervision are imperative to ensure the safety of food handled and sold in these establishments.
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosStaphylococcus aureus en carne de pollo expendida en el mercado 12 de Abril en la ciudad de Cuenca, mayo 2023.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mendez Cabrera, Blanca Michelle; Pesántez Sacta, Fátima Alejandra; Torres Segarra, Silvia Monserrath; 0150348027; 0107427080Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogen that causes staphylococcal food poisoning, is present both in the normal flora of living being and in chicken meat that has undergone poor hygienic handling by the handler at the time of storage and distribution. Objective: To determine Staphylococcus aureus in chicken meat sold at the Mercado 12 de Abril in Cuenca in May 2023. Methods: The universe consisted of the Mercado 12 de Abril in Cuenca. Thirty-two samples were collected to quantify Staphylococcus aureus in chicken meat using Compact Dry X-SA plates for Staphylococcus aureus counting. Colonies will be counted, and colony-forming units of S. aureus will be quantified. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 100% (32/32) of chicken meat samples sold at the Mercado 12 de Abril in the city of Cuenca using Compact Dry X-SA plates. The 37.5% corresponds to samples that are outside the guidelines established in NTE INEN 1338:2012 (Ecuadorian Technical Standard for meat quality) Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was determined in chicken meat sold at the Mercado 12 de Abril in Cuenca in May 2023, using Compact Dry X-SA plates for Staphylococcus aureus count. The strains found in each plate were identified. The colony-forming units (CFU/g) of Staphylococcus aureus in the chicken samples were counted
- ÍtemSolo MetadatosAnálisis fisicoquímico y bacteriológico de las piscinas de aguas termales, más concurridas, de la parroquia Baños. Cuenca – Ecuador.(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Anguisaca Vega, Alexandra Estefanía; Ortiz Tejedor, Jonnathan Gerardo; 107645889Introduction: In most thermal waters, the sanitary and microbiological quality is unknown, enabling the growth of certain microorganisms inherent to these environments, which have evolved to adapt to the extreme conditions of these ecosystems. The water quality depends on its physicochemical properties, such as temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity. Objective: To analyze the physicochemical and bacteriological status of the most visited thermal pools in Baños parish, Cuenca - Ecuador. Methodology: The study was descriptive, experimental, and cross-sectional. The universe was the three spas, "El Riñón" Spa, "Durán Inn," and “Durán" Spa, along with one spring sample, from where 16 samples were obtained for the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of these spas. Results: In the bacteriological analysis, Staphylococcus aureus was identified with a percentage of 77%. In the physicochemical analysis, an average pH value of 7.92 was observed at "Riñón” Spa and in the spring, an average of 8.43 at "Durán Inn" and "Durán" Spa. The temperature was around 35 °C, except for the spring. Conclusion: These thermal waters depend on the physicochemical conditions; they are mesothermal and alkaline waters, and their microbiological quality is excellent since the presence of Staphylococcus aureus does not represent a risk for individuals who visit these recreational facilities.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoCaracterización de la virulencia y resistencia antimicrobiana de cepas de Diutina catenulata que circulan entre cuyes (Cavia porcellus) criados para consumo en la provincia del Cañar (Ecuador)(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Barrezueta Vásquez, Juan Sebastián; Carreño Parra, Rómulo Adrián; Buela Salazar, Lenys Margarita; 0106849904; 1400617468Introduction: Diutina catenulata is an ascomycete belonging to the Saccharomycetales and has been isolated from domestic animals and humans. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to determine the expression of virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility in four strains of Diutina catenulata isolated from the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Materials and Methods: Microbiological and bioinformatic methods were used: macro- and micromorphological analysis, optimal growth temperature, hydrolytic enzyme production, penetration capacity, antifungal susceptibility, and phylogenetic analysis. Protease, hemolysin, and phospholipase production were determined after 72 hours at 30°C in the SD medium. Antifungal susceptibility was evaluated in the presence of five antifungal agents: voriconazole, fluconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, and amphotericin B. MICs were quantified using a VITEK 2 kit. To establish the strains phylogeny, the "MEGA 11" program was used with the "maximum similarity" method. Results: The cells of the four strains multiplied optimally at 30°C and were oval, with the presence of gems and pseudohyphae. All strains produced alpha-type hemolysins and actively penetrated the agar substrate with the production of true hyphae. MICs > 8 μg/mL were detected for fluconazole, indicating possible resistance. All four strains belong to the same monophyletic clade and are evolutionarily related to a clinical strain of D. catenulata. Conclusion: All four strains of D. catenulata were shown to have pathogenic potential for humans in direct contact with these animals.