Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar
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Examinando Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar por Asesores "Alarcón Flores, María José"
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- ÍtemSolo MetadatosAbordaje y tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en población pediátrica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Vicuña Rojas, Erika Karyme; Alarcón Flores, María José; 1400787246Introduction: The review focused on the growing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, an emerging public health issue with associated severe complications. Methodology: We used the PRISMA methodology for the search, selection, and analysis of studies in academic and medical databases. The selected studies focused on T2DM in children and adolescents, and those focusing on adults or Type 1 diabetes were excluded. Results: An alarming increase in the prevalence of T2DM in the pediatric population was found. Risk factors are similar to those of adults, but disease management is different in children. The first-line therapy, metformin, appears to be less effective in children, highlighting the need for personalized and evidence-based treatment strategies. Conclusion: T2DM in children and adolescents requires immediate attention and effective prevention and treatment strategies. The importance of family support and education in managing this condition was underscored.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoAsociación entre la edad y el efecto protector de la lactancia materna contra sobrepeso y obesidad. Revisión sistemática de la literatura(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Guaman Robles, Ronaldo Andres; Pardo Bañol, Dianna Valeria; Alarcón Flores, María José; 0603950858; 1314071109Background: Breastfeeding has been recognized in most of the reviewed bibliography as a protective factor against obesity and overweight, however, to the researchers' understanding, the time until when it plays a protective effect is uncertain. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific evidence published to date, to determine: until when does breastfeeding have a protective effect against obesity and overweight in children. Methods: A systematic search of medical scientific literature was performed in databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from the last 5 years from May 2018 to May 2022, in English or Spanish. Results: 30 articles were included among which we found; 19 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional, 2 randomized, and 1 meta-analysis. Conclusion: Breastfeeding seems to be a protective factor in most studies for children up to 7-8 years, early childhood. In addition, possible explanations involve components of breast milk as regulators of hunger or excessive caloric intake in artificial feeding.
- ÍtemEmbargoObesidad y sus comorbilidades en niños. Revisión bibliográfica(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Auquilla León, Gabriela Maribel; Alarcón Flores, María José; 0105308969Background: Childhood obesity is the abnormal or excessive fat accumulation concerning height. It presents a health risk due to the biopsychosocial complications it generates, which allows it to be classified as a chronic, non-communicable, multi-causal, relapsing, and progressive disease that causes a worldwide public health problem. Objective: To describe comorbidities in children with obesity. Methodology: The study was developed under the design of a literature review in repositories of indexed journals, using DeCS/MeSH search engines, such as pediatric obesity and childhood obesity, combined with comorbidity and biological, environmental, and social, by the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Twenty-five scientific articles were investigated to identify clinical and biochemical comorbidities, anthropometric alterations, body mass composition, hepatic and central adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiac lesions. Biological, environmental, and social risk factors as predictors of childhood obesity are related to congenital, hereditary, metabolic, cultural, behavioral, socioeconomic, and educational areas that together limit access to healthy nutrition and food. Conclusion: Childhood obesity is associated with a wide range of comorbidities that require effective and focused action to control biological, environmental, and social determinants. Therefore, addressing these influences from an early age and providing a favorable environment for healthy habits can contribute to its prevention, achieving full and integral development and generating a better quality of life from pediatric clinical practices.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoRecomendaciones actualizadas para una lactancia materna exitosa en los primeros 6 meses de vida(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Espinoza Vizhñay, Evelyn Fernanda; Alarcón Flores, María José; 0104354303Introduction: Human milk is an optimal source of nutrition for all infants (1). The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life (2), with an early start within the first hour of birth, which is known as the golden hour (3). Objective: To establish updated recommendations for successful exclusive breastfeeding within the first six months of a child's life. Methodology: A descriptive bibliographic review was carried out through a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and UpToDate databases of the last five years, in English and Spanish, in addition to Q1 and Q2 scientific articles published in impact journals. Results: The database search resulted in 44 records. Ten duplicate articles were excluded, and 34 were analyzed by title and abstract. Five of the 34 articles read were excluded for not providing the necessary information. Finally, 29 articles were selected for this review. Conclusion: All medical organizations support the primary recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life, emphasizing newborns’ first hour of birth. There are multiple general and specific recommendations in the field of breastfeeding, which have to be provided early and adequately by health personnel for good practice by the mother.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoRetinopatía de la prematuridad: actualización en el tratamiento(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Pintado Hernández, Paula Andrea; Alarcón Flores, María José; 0104358858Premature neonatal retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in newborns, and it is characterized by abnormal and incomplete angiogenesis of the retinal vessels mainly due to immaturity. Objective: To describe new treatments. Methodology: A documentary-style review of 27 articles was conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS databases from 2017 to 2022. Results: Laser photocoagulation remains the gold standard for surgery in premature retinopathy; however, due to its adverse effects, this treatment and pharmacological therapy with anti-VEGF agents have been compared and found to have better long-term results and fewer adverse effects. Regarding investigational therapies, topical propranolol has been essential in preventing the disease. It helps to reduce the disease progression of the disease to more severe stages. Indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing ROP, but fluorescein angiography proved to be more effective in identifying lesions. Conclusions: The gold standard treatment for the ROP is laser photocoagulation. Anti-VEGF agents are easier to administer and cause less structural damage than photocoagulation. Nevertheless, the correct dose is still under investigation, and beta-blockers are useful in preventing disease progression.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoUso de broncodilatadores versus solución salina hipertónica en el tratamiento de bronquiolitis aguda(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Aguayo Jiménez, Josué Alexander; Alarcón Flores, María José; 0704611649Bronchiolitis is an acute infectious pathology of the lower respiratory tract. It occurs mainly in children under two years of age and is an important cause of hospitalization in children worldwide. The management of this disease is still varied; bronchodilators, hypertonic saline solution (HSS), and general supportive measures are the most documented behaviors in the treatment. Objective: Describe the usage of bronchodilators vs. hypertonic saline solution to treat severe bronchiolitis. Methodology: Documentary type review with a sample of 12 articles acquired through PubMed and Scopus from 2017 to 2022. Results: The use of salbutamol in the ED decreased from 51.2% (95% CI: 46.6- 55.8%) in 2012 to 7.8% in 2018 (95% CI: 5.7%- 10.5%) (p < 0.001) in turn, the use of nebulized SSH evidenced a slight improvement of symptoms by 14% compared to nebulized saline at 0.9% (95% CI: -0.75 to -0.07; p = 0.02). HSS plus bronchodilators were shown to be more effective than placebo in reducing the duration of hospitalization (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.84); there was no significant benefit compared to nebulized placebo in reducing admissions. Conclusions: Using bronchodilators is less recommended because it has not significantly reduced hospital stays, readmissions, and emergency room visits. Hypertonic saline and bronchodilators alone do not show clinical improvement, but in several studies, their association has shown a modest reduction in the hospital stay.