Extensión La Troncal - Enfermería
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Examinando Extensión La Troncal - Enfermería por Asesores "Montero Galarza, Gloria"
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- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoComplicaciones de la diabetes Mellitus tipo II en adultos mayores a nivel nacional(Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Extensión San Pablo de La Troncal, 2024-01-08) Zumba Vera, Dayana Patricia; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0942350943This study aimed to identify the complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults in Ecuador. The methodology employed a qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach that involved the selection of articles from various scientific journal databases from the last five years through a comprehensive literature review. The findings from the reviewed studies converge to indicate that T2DM in older adults is associated with a number of multifaceted complications. The most frequently identified complications encompass thyroid alterations, arterial hypertension, obesity, renal diseases, neuropathies, retinopathies, cardiopathies, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, a significant correlation is evidenced between diabetes and functional loss, decreased muscular mass, and comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, renal disease, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, and amputations, alongside an increased risk of premature mortality. The study highlights the need to develop more effective healthcare and prevention strategies for these complications aimed at enhancing this vulnerable population’s quality of life.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoFactores predisponentes de riesgo de enfermedad cerebro vascular en adultos mayores(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Quintuña Velecela, Joselin Paola; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0302272588Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a significant public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. There are predisposing risk factors that contribute to its occurrence. This study aimed to determine the predisposing risk factors for CVD in older adults, seeking to understand the basic concepts related to the disease and its predisposing factors, perform a documentary analysis, and describe the leading factors that increase the risk of the disease in older adults through a quantitative and analytical literature review. A total of 25 publications from various authors were collected, and eight were selected following the PRISMA method. The results showed that there are non-modifiable risk factors such as older adult age (80%) and male gender (66.4%), as well as modifiable factors such as tobacco use (40.78%), alcohol consumption (64.6%), and preexisting conditions like dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (83.3%), and high blood pressure as the principal risk factor (61.78%). It was concluded that CVD could be prevented by adopting lifestyle changes from an early age, monitoring and medical control of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, promoting self-care, monitoring morbidities, and strengthening preventive activities among older adults.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoFactores que influyen en la hipertensión arterial en adultos en Ecuador(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-09-10) Uyaguari Correa, Andrea Lisseth; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0929789139Hypertension is a long-term health condition that affects many people around the world. It has a relevant impact on public health because it is becoming more common. Many factors contribute to the development of hypertension. This documentary review aimed to determine the factors influencing arterial hypertension among adults in Ecuador. It will seek to identify its prevalence, the main risk factors, and their relationship with the development of the disease. A quantitative, descriptive, and bibliographic methodology was carried out. Forty-five studies authored by various scholars from established databases were collected. Subsequently, the PRISMA method was used, and 13 research studies were selected and analyzed. Findings reveal a notable predominance of hypertension within a group of young adults (9.2%); as people age, the prevalence of hypertension increases, and it is particularly high among the elderly population (58.47%) with immutable risk factors, such as age (63.73%), male gender (53.9%), and family history of hypertension (45.5%), as well as mutable determinants including obesity (42.65%), suboptimal dietary patterns (47%), alcohol consumption (23.53%), and hypercholesterolemia (27.94%). There is evidence of a statistically significant relationship between arterial hypertension and these risk factors, concluding that the higher the risk factors, the greater the predisposition for developing the condition. It is recommended to strengthen health promotion activities, self-care, and lifestyle modification from an early age.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoIncidencia y prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Merchán Contreras, Rosa Beatriz; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0705686806Adolescence is the period between 10 and 19 years of age. It is characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes, where pregnancy is a public health concern due to its repercussions on the health and maintenance of young women's growth and development process. This documentary review aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of teenage pregnancy using a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, and bibliographic methodology, with a compilation of 29 publications by various authors, 17 of which were selected after the application of the PRISMA method, showing that there is an incidence of early pregnancy of 10.8% and a prevalence of 16.7%. Moreover, predisposing factors to the problem, mainly lack of sex education (74%), besides the early initiation of sexual activity (42%), early cohabitation with a partner (47.8%), lack of access to sexual activity (42%), the lack of access to abortion (47.8%), and the lack of access to health services (47.8%). 8 %), lack of access to contraceptive methods (54.8%), economic level (68.5%), family dysfunction (36.4%), low schooling (41.3%), history of violence (21.6%) and substance abuse (26.7%). It concludes that there is a high incidence and prevalence of teenage pregnancy. Therefore, it recommends strengthening sex education and promoting access to contraceptive methods as the principal health prevention measures.
- ÍtemAcceso AbiertoSecuelas patológicas del covid-19 en Latinoamérica a partir de una revisión documental(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023-07) Cadme Llerena, Diana Carolina; Montero Galarza, Gloria; 0302954490This research is framed within the study of health and well-being, specifically Nursing. The general objective of this study was to compile the pathological sequelae of COVID-19 in Latin America through a comprehensive documentary review. For this purpose, a qualitative and analytical approach was employed, involving an extensive review of theoretical references through the PRISMA technique known as "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses." The inclusion criteria used were publications related to the pathological sequelae of COVID-19 in Latin America, covering the period from 2020 to 2022. The main results found were that the common symptoms are difficulty breathing, fatigue, fever, headache, dry cough, loss of sense of smell and taste, and general malaise with muscle pain and sore throat. Whereas the sequelae vary according to the individual’s state of health, the effects are often maintained for long periods, even after overcoming the disease. The conclusions indicate that COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the quality of life of people in Latin America; therefore, adaptation, emotional support, and rehabilitation are necessary for integral recovery, and for this purpose, it is essential to improve care and rehabilitation procedures to improve the quality of life and definitive recovery of those affected.