Envíos recientes
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Proyecto de Titulación embargado con fines de publicación de impacto.
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Gálvez Delgado, Mateo Nicolás; León Villavicencio, Marcos Enrique; Monsalve Robalino, Bernardo Xavier
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Eficacia y seguridad del Pegbelfermin y del Aldafermin, análogos del factor del crecimiento de fibroblastos (FGF) 21 y 19, en comparación con el placebo para el tratamiento de pacientes adultos con esteatohepatitis no alcohólica: revisión sistemática de la literatura
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Zalamea Pulgarín, Gabriel Armando; Muñoz Cobos, Silvia Carolina; Prieto Fuenmayor, Carem Francelys; 0105882476; 0104760145
The objective of this study is to identify the efficacy and safety of Pegbelfermin and Aldafermin, FGF 21 and 19 analogues respectively, compared to placebo for the
treatment of adult patients with NASH. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical, controlled, field, intervention community trials and original articles, conducted in adults
between 18 and 75 years of age, compared with placebo and with a diagnosis of NASH confirmed by imaging or biopsy; The exclusion criteria were: investigations in pregnant
patients, animal models, that are compared with another drug, patients with poorly controlled pathologies and who consume drugs or alcohol. The data search was carried
out in: PubMed, SCOPUS, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science and Scielo, until 03/11/2022. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 tool for RCTs. The data was
presented according to the variables using tables. In total, 7 RCTs were selected with a sample of n=878. Among the limitations are: those of eligible studies and a small sample
with the losses that generate bias, the heterogeneity between the different selected studies, as well as the limitation to assess the efficacy of the results. In conclusion, Pegbelfermin
and Aldafermin turned out to be effective in imaging tests, however, the ideal evaluation method is biopsy; In the same way, both drugs proved to be safe and well tolerated,
although more time is required to establish more precise results, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the results. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO
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Técnicas de ablación como tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Muñoz Arteaga, Maria Valentina; Bojorque Bojorque, Luz María; 1316382371
Background: The most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide is breast cancer. There are new minimally invasive therapeutic alternatives thanks to technological innovations, such as cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation, which have given good results.
General objective: Describe ablation techniques as treatment in patients with breast cancer.
Methodology: A non-experimental narrative study was carried out, with a bibliographic review. Articles in English and Spanish from the last five years were used.
Results: The ablation techniques were described; in what type of patients, they were used and what was the efficacy of the ablation techniques as a treatment in patients with breast cancer in a clearer way and with more updated bibliography.
Conclusions: Ablation techniques have a high efficacy as a treatment in patients with early-stage breast cancer, especially in young women and women of childbearing age. These goodresults were better observed in tumors less than or equal to 2 cm, in tumors greater than 2 cm the results take time to appear.
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Interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales en el metabolismo del ácido fólico y la patogénesis del defectos del tubo neural
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Morocho Valdez, Milton Alexander; Pozo Palacios, Juan Carlos; 0301947461
Neural tube defects (NTD) are considered the most frequent and common congenital malformations in humans that affect the development of the central nervous system; the
most common types of these birth defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. One of the preventive measures of DNT is the consumption of folic acid; however adequate intake of this essential vitamin does not prevent 100% of cases due to gene- environment interaction; that is, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
The synergy between these factors will allow the development of these malformations, regardless of folic acid consumption, due to the alteration that occurs in the metabolism
of folic acid, in which various polymorphisms and little-known genetic variants are involved. In addition, maternal metabolic conditions allow for a detrimental gene-
environment interaction for the fetus, which increases the risk of developing these birth defects.
The preventive effect of folic acid varies according to the gene-environment interaction to which the fetus is exposed. The risk of DNTs depends on the synergy between the
polymorphisms or genetic variants and the environmental exposure of the pregnant woman to different chemical or physical agents. Therefore, the development of methods
is required to differentiate more clearly the susceptibility factors that contribute to the etiology of DNTs induced by the synergy between genetic and environmental factors
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El consumo de cannabis como precursor de la psicosis: su relación con la esquizofrenia
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mora Vera, Roberto Carlos; Solózano Bernita, Rosa; 1400877096
Introduction: schizophrenia is a chronic mental pathology that affects about 24 million people in the world, within this disease it is common to find the consumption of psychoactive substances by patients in which cannabis tops this list, this drug has particular relationships with schizophrenia through the effect of the plant’s own cannabinoids.
Objective: to determine the relationship between cannabis consumption and schizophrenia. Methodology: a narrative literature review was carried out; for the search of information, Scopus and PubMed databases were used with MESH/DECS descriptors using keywords, taking into account articles since 2014, in English and Spanish and with inclusion and exclusion criteria of the articles to be analyzed. Results: in a study conducted in London where we evaluated how cannabis use could trigger a psychotic episode in vulnerable individuals, we found that the transition to psychosis occurred among those who started using cannabis before the age of 15 years and continued with frequent use. Despite this, in the overall sample cannabis users were no more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used Conclusion: cannabis use is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of psychosis, as it acts as a component cause for the development of a psychotic event within the schizophrenia spectrum
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Utilidad del biomarcador presepsina en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de sepsis y shock séptico
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mora Culcay, Edgar Vinicio; Flores Montesinos, Carlos Enrique; 0107642027
Objective: To determine the usefulness of the presepsin biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis and septic shock. Methodology: The type of study that will be carried out
is a bibliographic review, which will be made up of articles in English and Spanish that contain relevant information for the review, the selection of articles will be through the databases: Pubmed, Sciendirect, Scopus , Taylor & Francis and Web of Science; the search will be carried out with the terms of the Medical Subject Headings (MesH) of the National Library of Medicine and descriptors in health sciences (DeCS) of Bireme; For the choice of studies, inclusion and exclusion criteria will be applied, the most important being that they are within the period 2018- 2022. Results: It was concluded that presepsin can be used as a biomarker capable of early diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock, because serum values are higher depending on the severity of the condition, additionally it is important to note that with respect to the Sensitivities and specificities ROC curves were found between 0.688-1 in adults, and 0.887-099 in adults. Conclusion: Presepsin is very useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with sepsis and septic shock, because its serum values allowed differentiating between sepsis and septic shock, it is also important to highlight its prognostic value where it was possible to correlate that at higher levels of presepsin, the percentage of non-survivors is higher, while lower presepsin values were related to better survival.
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Comparación de protocolos asociados al tratamiento de pacientes adultos con ginecomastia
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Montenegro Ortiz, Glenda Iris; Guerrero Cevallos, Esteban Rigoberto; 0803599620
Introduction: Gynecomastia being a benign pathology most commonly seen in primary care medical services, its observation and appropriate management is often overlooked. It is a
relatively common disorder in the male population that between 36 and 65% have palpable glandular tissue measuring at least 2 cm in diameter subareolar. Although, initially its treatment usually disappears on its own, according to data from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 0.2% of cases are associated with male breast cancer. Methodology: A literature review was performed. All articles related to the management of patients with gynecomastia, meta-analysis, systematic review and from any language were included. Data were collected from original articles in indexed journals, using digital databases such as: Scopus, Pubmed, LILACS, Springer. With the help of search terms "Gynecomastia" AND "Treatment"; "gynecomastia" AND "protocols". Results: With the research approached, 12 articles were identified covering substantial differences of the current treatment versus traditional management in patients with gynecomastia. Conclusion: It was established that tamoxifen is more efficient than radiotherapy as pharmacological treatment of gynecomastia, and in the field of surgical treatment with fewer complications is surgery with posteroinferior pedicled flap of tissue for breast reconstruction followed by the double periareolar pedicle technique
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Nintedanib, pirfenidona y células madre como tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales fibrosantes progresivas
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Moncayo Garzón, Marcela Doménica; Rea Hermida, Danilo Fernando; 0105753388
Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases are made up of a group of pathologies that occur when fibrosis progresses despite therapeutic measures. The treatment of these pathologies continues under investigation, since in recent years antifibrotic drugs have been developed that promise to improve the patient's quality of life and slow down the progression of the disease, to this are added the new stem cell transplant studies that do not They only show an acceptable and well-tolerated safety profile, but rather manageable adverse effects. A narrative bibliographic review was carried out, the objective of which is to describe Nintedanib, Pirfenidone and stem cells as a treatment for progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. The findings of this investigation were that Nintedanib and Pirfenidone slow down the decrease in Forced Vital Capacity, the risk of mortality is higher in patients with idiopathic fibrosis than in other types of fibrosis, the most common adverse effects associated with Nintedanib are diarrhea, nausea , vomiting and headache, while with Pirfenidone it is gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, skin rashes, dizziness, photosensitivity and weight loss. Stem cell therapy demonstrates safety and tolerable and manageable adverse effects.
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Diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico del síndrome antifosfolípidico seronegativo
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2023) Mata Eguiguren, Loretto Charmaine; Pucha Anguisaca, Karina Fernanda; 1103975213
The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) was described for the first time in 1982 by the scientist Graham R. V Hughes through careful observations and laboratory data. APS is a multisystem disorder associated with the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, events thrombotics and maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. In 2003, Hughes and Khamasht managed to identify an uncommon variable of APS called seronegative, which manifests itself with the characteristic thrombolytic symptoms of this disease, however, there is no positivity in serological tests, because it is a pathology that is difficult to identify. and diagnosis requires special attention since it can lead to multiple complications if it is not treated in a timely manner.
General objective: Describe the diagnosis and treatment of seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Methodology: Bibliographic review. Studies with systematic reviews, review articles and meta-analyses with a publication date of the last 5 years in English and Spanish will be included. Virtual bibliographic databases such as Pubmed will be used, the information will be collected using the PRISMA guide, by creating personalized tables each article will be included with the name of its author, place, year of publication and study design.
Results: It is expected that this work will be useful to inform the medical community about this pathology and the clinical relevance of its diagnosis and clinical treatment in the prevention of complications associated with thrombotic and obstetric events .
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Intervenciones de enfermería en esteatosis hepática en América Latina
(Universidad Católica de Cuenca., 2024) Alvarado Lozano, Daniel Alexis; Cango Juela, Luis Fernando; Toalongo Salto, Janeth Esperanza; 0706098787; 1900735505
Introduction: Hepatic steatosis is a disease characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, leading to a decrease in its function and resulting in several health complications in humans. Objective: To conduct a literature review on "Nursing Interventions in Hepatic Steatosis in Latin America." Methodology: A literature review study was carried out in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and SciELO. Results: Based on the articles analyzed, it was found that the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Latin America is high, particularly in countries such as Bolivia (63.9%) and Mexico (52.21%), where health and economic conditions are precarious, among the associated factors are diabetes mellitus, overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and the overuse of paracetamol. Fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma were found to be the main complications. As for the therapeutic approach, diet and exercise are used, and pharmacological treatment includes vitamin E and pioglitazone; in a particular case of a pregnant patient, 5% dextrose, plasmapheresis, and vitamin K were administered. Finally, nursing interventions include communicating with the patient and family about the disease, treatments, and implementing dietary education programs. Conclusions: In the case of hepatic steatosis, nursing intervention is crucial in prevention and treatment according to the individual's condition, indicating the significance of their knowledge.
Keywords: Therapeutic approach, hepatic steatosis, associated factors, nursing intervention, prevalence, Latin America.
